Internet Use and Academic Achievement Among Chinese Adolescents: Examining the Mediating Role of Future Orientation in a Rural-Urban Dual System

References

• China Internet Network Information Center. Statistical report on the development of the Internet in China; 2021. Available from: http://cnnic.cn/gywm/xwzx/rdxw/20172017_7084/202102/t20210203_71364.htm. Accessed May 10, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Shen CX, Liu RD, Wang D. The relationship between Internet use and children’s loneliness: a moderating effect of personality. J Psychol Sci. 2013;36(5):1140–1145. doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.2013.05.007
   Google Scholar
• Qahri-Saremi H, Turel O. School engagement, information technology use, and educational development: an empirical investigation of adolescents. Comput Educ. 2016;102:65–78. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2016.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li YL, Zhou ZK, Niu GF. The influences of digital technology on individuals. Adv Psychol Sci. 2017;25(10):1799–1810. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2017.01799
   Google Scholar
• Lei L. Psychology of Internet. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Publishing Group; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng JW, Yan JX, Gao L. Relationship between students’ Internet use preference and their academic achievement. Chinese J Health Educ. 2018;34(4):347–351. doi:10.16168/j.cnki.issn.1002-9982.2018.04.014
   Google Scholar
• Klein PS, Nir-Gal O, Darom E. The use of computers in kindergarten, with or without adult mediation: effects on children’s cognitive performance and behavior. Comput Hum Behav. 2000;16(6):591–608. doi:10.1016/S0747-5632(00)00027-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson LA, Samona R, Moomaw J, et al. What children do on the Internet: domains visited and their relationship to socio-demographic characteristics and academic performance. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2006;10(2):182–190. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9970
   Google Scholar
• Dong RC, Zhou ZK, Liu QQ, et al. Children’s Internet use and academic achievements: a moderated mediation model. J Psychol Sci. 2019;42(1):68–74. doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20190111
   Google Scholar
• Zhu YQ, Chen LY, Chen HG, et al. How does Internet information-seeking help academic performance? The moderating and mediating roles of academic self-efficacy. Comput Educ. 2011;57(4):2476–2484. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura A. Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. Am Psychol. 1982;37(2):122–147. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson G, Puplampu K. A conceptual framework for understanding the effect of the Internet on child development: the ecological techno-subsystem. Can J Learn Technol. 2008;34:19–28. doi:10.21432/T2CP4T
   Google Scholar
• Nurmi JE. How do adolescents see their future? A review of the development of future orientation and planning. Dev Rev. 1991;11(1):1–59. doi:10.1016/0273-2297(91)90002-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Huang XT, Bi CH. Development of the questionnaire for teenagers’ future orientation. J Southwest Univ. 2011;37(6):7–12. doi:10.13718/j.cnki.xdsk.2011.06.021
   Google Scholar
• Zhang LL. The relation between family, peer factors and adolescent’s future orientation in the context of contemporary China [Doctoral dissertation]; Shandong Normal University; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Malmberg LE. Future orientation in educational and interpersonal contexts. In: Nurmi JE, editor. Navigating Through Adolescence: European Perspectives. Routledge Falmer: London, England UK; 2001:119–140.
   Google Scholar
• Massey EK, Gebhardt WA, Garnefski N. Adolescent goal content and pursuit: a review of the literature from the past 16 years. Dev Rev. 2008;28(4):421–460. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2008.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner U. Ecological systems theory. In: Vasta R, editor. Six Theories of Child Development: Revised Formulations and Current Issues. London: Jessica Kingsley; 1992:187–248.
   Google Scholar
• Yu FJ, Zhao JX, Zhang WX. The development of future planning and its relation with parenting behaviors during early and middle adolescence: the mediating effects of behavioral autonomy. Acta Psychol Sin. 2013;45(6):658–671. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2013.00658
   Google Scholar
• Gray NJ, Klein JD, Noyce PR, et al. Health information-seeking behavior in adolescence: the place of the internet. Soc Sci Med. 2005;60(7):1467–1478. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chai N, Lv HW. The root causes of poverty of “non-poor dropouts”. Contemp Educ Sci. 2017;7:13–17.
   Google Scholar
• Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev. 1977;84(2):191–215. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho RGG. Future time perspective as a predictor of adolescents’ adaptive behavior in school. Sch Psychol Int. 2015;36(5):482–497. doi:10.1177/0143034315601167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen JJ, Jiang TN, Liu MF. Family socioeconomic status and learning engagement in Chinese adolescents: the multiple mediating roles of resilience and future orientation. Front Psychol. 2021;12:714346. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.714346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett MD, Melugin PR, Hernandez J. Time perspective, intended academic engagement, and academic performance. Curr Psychol. 2020;39(2):761–767. doi:10.1007/s12144-017-9771-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang X, Lv HC, Hua SX. Delay of gratification: self-regulation based on the future time perspective. J Psychol Sci. 2014;37(1):78–82. doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.2014.01.015
   Google Scholar
• Feng XT, Xiao J. Research on the urban and rural differences of Chinese women’s gender role. J Humanit. 2014;11:112–121. doi:10.15895/j.cnki.rwzz.2014.11.014
   Google Scholar
• Jiao JG. Rural education and dual economic and social structure: the comparison of urban and rural education and the urgent problems to be solved in the education of China. Stud Explor. 2005;3:171–178.
   Google Scholar
• Li Y, Westlund H, Liu Y. Why some rural areas decline while some others not: an overview of rural evolution in the world. J Rural Stud. 2019;68:135–143. doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.03.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, Ye YL, Jiang TB. A study on the effect of parents going out on school dropout of rural left-behind children. Rural Econ. 2020;4:125–133.
   Google Scholar
• Ji WM, Shen J. Annual report on the Internet use by minors in China (2020). Beijing: Social Science Academic Press; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Yang XH, Wang LM, Zhu LQ. Electronic media and child development: from the perspective of the ecological techno-subsystem theory. J Psychol Sci. 2014;37(4):920–924. doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.2014.04.027
   Google Scholar
• Valkenburg PM, Soeters K. Children’s positive and negative experiences with the Internet. Commun Res. 2001;28(5):653–676. doi:10.1177/009365001028005004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei H, Xu WW, Shao CY, et al. The relationship of teachers’ caring behavior and students’ academic development: the mediating role of learning self-efficacy. Psychol Dev Educ. 2015;31(2):188–197. doi:10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.02.08
   Google Scholar
• Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput. 2004;36(4):717–731. doi:10.3758/BF03206553
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wen ZL, Ye BJ. Different methods for testing moderated mediation models: competitors or backups? Acta Psychol Sin. 2014;46(5):714–726. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2014.00714
   Google Scholar
• Settanni M, Marengo D, Fabris MA, et al. The interplay between ADHD symptoms and time perspective in addictive social media use: a study on adolescent Facebook users. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2018;89:165–170. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.04.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes AF. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. NY: The Guilford Press; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Komarraju M, Nadler D. Self-efficacy and academic achievement: why do implicit beliefs, goals, and effort regulation matter? Learn Individ Differ. 2013;25:67–72. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2013.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurwitz LB, Schmitt KL. Can children benefit from early internet exposure? Short-and long-term links between internet use, digital skill, and academic performance. Comput Educ. 2020;146:103750. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103750
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizzorno MC, Benozzo A, Fina A, et al. Parent-child career construction: a narrative study from a gender perspective. J Vocat Behav. 2014;84(3):420–430. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2014.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alm S, Låftman SB, Sandahl J, Modin B. School effectiveness and students’ future orientation: a multilevel analysis of upper secondary schools in Stockholm, Sweden. J Adolesc. 2019;70(1):62–73. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.11.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen MY, Li K, Huang L, et al. The effect of personal goal on SWB of impoverished undergraduates. Psychol Explor. 2020;40(4):372–376.
   Google Scholar
• Ni XL, Shao XY. Influence of adolescents’ use of online social media on their sense of happiness: serial mediating paths of self-esteem linking self-identity. J Lanzhou Univ. 2019;47(1):122–133. doi:10.13885/j.issn.1000-2804.2019.01.014
   Google Scholar
• Allison SE, Von Wahlde L, Shockley T, et al. The development of the self in the era of the internet and role-playing fantasy games. Am J Psychiat. 2006;163(3):381–385. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du G, Lv HC. The relationship of adolescents’ future time perspective and academic achievement: the mediation effect of time management disposition. Psychol Sci. 2017;40(1):98–104. doi:10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20170115
   Google Scholar
• Bonetti L, Campbell MA, Gilmore L. The relationship of loneliness and social anxiety with children’s and adolescents’ online communication. Cyberpsychology Behav Soc Netw. 2010;13(3):279–285. doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson LA, Von Eye A, Witt EA, et al. A longitudinal study of the effects of Internet use and videogame playing on academic performance and the roles of gender, race and income in these relationships. Comput Hum Behav. 2011;27(1):228–239. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skvarc DR, Penny A, Harries T, Wilson C, Joshua N, Byrne LK. Type of screen time and academic achievement in children from Australia and New Zealand: interactions with socioeconomic status. J Child Media. 2021;15(4):509–525. doi:10.1080/17482798.2021.1878045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang N, Ma LN. Goal orientation and inter-generational social mobility: an initiative perspective. Shandong Soc Sci. 2019;4:50–60. doi:10.14112/j.cnki.37-1053/c.2019.04.008
   Google Scholar
• Morimitsu YY. Expression and invisibility of poverty in school: a case study of the school life of students from “Seikatsu Hogo” families. Jpn Soc 3duc Sociology. 2011;88:273–293. doi:10.11151/eds.88.273
   Google Scholar
• Mozelius P, Rahuman K, Wikramanayake G. One year of one-to-one computing in Sri Lanka: the impact on formal learning in primary school education. World Education Summit 2011, New Delhi, India OLPC Sri Lanka. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/216866532_One_Year_of_One-to-one_Computing_in_Sri_Lanka_-_The_Impact_on_Formal_Learning_in_Primary_School_Education. Accessed May 10, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Chen JJ, Liu MF. Does the Internet expand the educational gap among different social classes? The protective role of future orientation. Front Psychol. 2021;12:647351. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647351
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar