How Do Happiness at Work and Perceived Organizational Support Affect Teachers’ Mental Health Through Job Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Figures & data

Table 1 Respondent Profile

Criteria		Number	Percentage
Sex	Female	381	77.8%
	Male	109	22.2%
Educational background	Diploma degree	26	5.3%
	Bachelor’s degree	342	69.8%
	Master’s degree	122	24.9%
Teaching level	Kindergarten	73	14.9%
	Elementary	209	42.7%
	Junior high	103	21%
	Senior high	105	21.4%
Teaching experience	0–3 years	39	8%
	4–6 years	90	18.4%
	7–9 years	46	9.4%
	10–12 years	86	17.6%
	>12 years	229	46.7%

Table 2 Harman’s Single Factor Test Results

Total Variance Explained
Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings
Total	% of Variance	Cumulative %
9.234	38.477	38.477

Note: Extraction method: principal axis factoring.

Table 3 Loading Factor, AVE, and Reliability Test Results

Item Construct	Loading Factor	AVE	CR	Alpha
Mental health		0.630	0.911	0.883
MH1	0.743
MH2	0.809
MH3	0.803
MH4	0.796
MH5	0.808
MH6	0.802
Happiness at work		0.609	0.903	0.871
HW1	0.808
HW2	0.798
HW3	0.807
HW4	0.840
HW5	0.716
HW6	0.703
Perceived organizational support		0.663	0.932	0.915
POS1	0.822
POS2	0.834
POS3	0.827
POS4	0.785
POS5	0.767
POS6	0.799
POS7	0.860
Job satisfaction		0.747	0.936	0.914
JS1	0.818
JS2	0.802
JS3	0.917
JS4	0.905
JS5	0.873

Abbreviations: AVE, average variance extracted; CR, composite reliability.

Table 4 Descriptive Statistics and Discriminant Validity Test Result (HTMT) Ratios

	M	SD	HW	JS	MH	POS
Happiness at work (HW)	4.28	0.81
Job satisfaction (JS)	3.66	1.12	0.503
Mental health (MH)	4.14	0.80	0.781	0.414
Perceived organizational support (POS)	3.55	1.13	0.415	0.820	0.347

Note: Rule of thumb of HTMT Ratio <0.85.

Abbreviations: HTMT, heterotrait–monotrait ratio; M, mean; SD, standard deviation.

Table 5 Multicollinearity Test Results

Exogenous Variables	VIF
	Job Satisfaction	Mental Health
Happiness at work	1.168	1.263
Job satisfaction		2.554
Perceived organizational support	1.168	2.369

Abbreviation: VIF, variance inflation factor.

Table 6 Determinant Coefficient Test Results

Endogenous Variable	R-Squared
Job satisfaction	0.608
Mental health	0.492

Table 7 Hypotheses Test Results

Hypothesis Code	Path	Path Coefficient	Sample Mean	SD	T-Statistics	P-value	Decision
H1	HW→MH	0.659	0.662	0.035	18.660	0.000	Supported
H2	HW→JS	0.194	0.194	0.038	5.085	0.000	Supported
H3	JS→MH	0.060	0.059	0.063	0.954	0.170	Not supported
H4	HW→JS→MH	0.012	0.011	0.013	0.930	0.176	Not supported
H5	POS→MH	0.028	0.030	0.055	0.522	0.301	Not supported
H6	POS→JS	0.686	0.687	0.032	21.326	0.000	Supported
H7	POS→JS→MH	0.041	0.040	0.044	0.947	0.172	Not supported

Abbreviations: HW, happiness at work; MH, mental health; JS, job satisfaction; POS, perceived organizational support.

Figure 1 Research model with path coefficient to estimate the structural equation model.