Development of the Nurse Occupational Stigma Scale

Figures & data

Table 1 Correlation Coefficients Between Items and Total Score (N=362)

Items	High-Scored Group (N=98, M±SD)	Low-Scored Group (N=98, M±SD)	C.R.Value	Correlation Cofficient
1	3.41±1.034	1.16±0.604	18.561***	0.746**
2	3.52±0.922	1.12±0.503	22.603***	0.799**
3	3.47±1.057	1.02±0.142	22.728***	0.831**
4	3.40±0.960	1.03±0.225	23.758***	0.836**
5	3.61±0.927	1.18±0.581	21.989***	0.788**
6	3.58±0.896	1.02±0.142	20.332***	0.666**
7	3.45±1.104	1.26±0.693	21.597***	0.835**
8	3.45±1.113	1.07±0.296	20.430***	0.805**
9	3.53±0.910	1.01±0.101	27.237***	0.866**
10	3.79±0.853	1.04±0.245	30.631***	0.841**
11	3.51±0.933	1.13±0.510	22.126***	0.817**
12	3.50±0.922	1.08±0.342	24.339***	0.784**
13	3.35±1.095	1.07±0.460	18.975***	0.784**
14	3.40±0.960	1.01±0.101	15.817***	0.755**
15	3.47±9.87	1.39±0.857	15.768***	0.715**
16	3.44±1.016	1.12±0.387	21.090***	0.786**
17	3.70±0.888	1.53±1.105	15.182***	0.637**
18	3.62±0.969	1.29±0.837	18.066***	0.677**
19	3.46±0.986	1.92±1.286	9.348***	0.525**
20	3.67±0.928	1.93±1.310	10.759***	0.541**
21	3.35±1.016	1.79±1.124	10.200***	0.517**

Note: **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.

Abbreviations: C.R. Value, critical ratio value; M±SD, mean and standard deviation.

Table 2 Item and Factor Loadings for the NOSS (N=362)

Factors	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Common Degree
1. Nurses are impatient with patients	0.843	0.268	0.121	0.797
2. Nurses are not sympathetic to patients	0.872	0.314	0.134	0.878
3. Nurses have a bias against vulnerable people	0.772	0.388	0.227	0.799
5. Nurses have a low recognition of their occupation	0.776	0.299	0.268	0.764
7. Nurses are indifferent to patients	0.768	0.403	0.205	0.794
8. Nurses do not need professionalism	0.409	0.718	0.240	0.741
9. Nurses use the patients resources for their own personal gain	0.479	0.698	0.269	0.789
11. Nurses are less educated	0.392	0.695	0.308	0.732
12. Nurses act as a servant to people	0.281	0.715	0.370	0.727
15. Nurses are mainly involved in simple tasks such as giving an injection	0.247	0.777	0.172	0.695
16. Nurses only need to carry out medical orders	0.347	0.773	0.186	0.753
17. Nurses are used as “punching bags” by patients	0.416	0.094	0.696	0.667
18. Nurses have a lower social status	0.400	0.213	0.667	0.650
19. Nurses are often given a hard time by patients	0.195	0.046	0.778	0.645
20. Nursing is dirty and tiring	−0.037	0.412	0.660	0.607
21. Nurses have a lower income	−0.040	0.334	0.733	0.650

Notes: Factor 1 represents negative label; Factor 2 represents nurse-patient relationship; and Factor 3 represents devaluation and discrimination; The bold text marks the dimension to which this item belongs and the factor loadings for this item.

Abbreviation: NOSS, Nurse Occupational Stigma Scale.

Table 3 Correlation Analysis of the NOSS with Other Scales (N=403)

	1	2	3	4	5
(1) NOSS	–
(2) Negative Label	0.833**	–
(3) Nurse-patient Relationship	0.881**	0.645**	–
(4) Devaluation and Discrimination	0.722**	0.406**	0.430**	–
(5) Caring Behaviors Inventory	−0.474**	−0.561**	−0.443**	−0.138*	–
Average	39.61	10.84	14.37	14.39	112.36
Standard deviation	12.97	4.84	6.29	4.70	23.53
Range	16–80	5–25	6–30	5–25	28–144

Note: *P<0.05, **P<0.01.

Abbreviation: NOSS, Nurse Occupational Stigma Scale.

Table 4 Table of Confidence Coefficients for NOSS (N=403)

Factors	Cronbach’s α Coefficient	The Split-Half Reliability
NOSS	0.920	0.942
Negative Label	0.908	0.855
Nurse-patient Relationship	0.919	0.917
Devaluation and Discrimination	0.827	0.826

Abbreviation: NOSS, Nurse Occupational Stigma Scale.

Table 5 Measurement Invariance Across Gender of the NOSS (N=403)

Model	S-Bχ^2	df	TLI	CFI	NFI	RMSEA (90% CI)	SRMR	∆CFI
M1	431.476	192	0.930	0.944	0.905	0.056 (0.049–0.063)	0.0769
M2	452.556	205	0.932	0.942	0.900	0.055 (0.048–0.062)	0.0769	0.002
M3	494.309	221	0.931	0.936	0.891	0.056 (0.050–0.062)	0.0770	0.006
M4	571.224	242	0.924	0.923	0.874	0.058 (0.052–0.064)	0.0798	0.013

Notes: M1 represents the configural invariance model; M2 represents the weak invariance model; M3 represents the strong invariance model; M4 represents the strict invariance model.

Abbreviations: NOSS, Nurse Occupational Stigma Scale; df, degrees of freedom; TLI, Tucker-Lewis index; CFI, comparative fit index; CI, confidence interval; NFI, normed fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; SRMR, standardized root mean square residual.