Coaching Leadership and Employees’ Deviant Innovation Behavior: Mediation and Chain Mediation of Interactional Justice and Organizational Identification

Figures & data

Table 1 Reliability and Convergence Validity Scale

Variable	Item	Parameter Significance Statistics				CR	AVE
		Estimate	S.E.	Est./S.E.	P-value
CL	CL1	0.675	0.037	18.243	0.000	0.818	0.531
	CL7	0.671	0.037	18.135	0.000
	CL9	0.813	0.030	27.138	0.000
	CL11	0.747	0.033	22.636	0.000
DI	DI1	0.893	0.035	25.514	0.000	0.803	0.581
	DI3	0.722	0.037	19.489	0.000
	DI5	0.651	0.039	16.692	0.000
OI	OI1	0.794	0.034	23.353	0.000	0.803	0.576
	OI2	0.733	0.036	20.361	0.000
	OI5	0.749	0.035	21.406	0.000
IF	IF1	0.896	0.017	52.706	0.000	0.905	0.762
	IF2	0.959	0.014	68.503	0.000
	IF4	0.751	0.026	28.885	0.000

Notes: Est, estimate; S.E, standard error; AVE, the average variance extraction; CR, the composite reliability.

Abbreviations: CL, coaching leadership; OI, organizational identification; IF, interactional justice; DI, employees’ deviant innovation behavior (the same below).

Table 2 Results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Model	df	χ^2/df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA
Four-factor model (CL, OI, IF, DI)	59	2.67	0.96	0.90	0.070
Three-factor model (CL, OI + IF, DI)	62	6.51	0.86	0.83	0.127
Two-factor model (CL + OI + IF, DI)	64	7.76	0.83	0.79	0.141
Single factor model (CL + OI + IF + DI)	65	9.31	0.79	0.74	0.156

Note: X², DF, CFI, TLI, RMSEA respectively represent Chi-square, degree of freedom, comparative fit index, Tucker-Lewis index, root mean square error of approximation.

Table 3 Mean, Standard Deviation, and Correlation Coefficient of Variables (N=340)

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Time point1 Variable
1sex	1.48	0.500
2age	2.26	0.588	–0.099
3edu	2.51	0.985	0.093	0.283**
4term	2.66	1.563	–0.189**	0.233**	–0.182**
5CL	3.81	0.731	–0.047	0.030	0.040	0.155**
Time Point2 Variable
6OI	3.86	0.703	–0.113*	0.082	0.044	0.168**	0.674**
7IF	3.72	0.816	–0.088	0.182**	0.116*	0.120*	0.636**	0.580**
8DI	3.73	0.694	–0.137*	0.114*	0.053	0.143**	0.505*	0.612**	0.592**

Note: *p<0.05, **p<0.01 (the same below).

Abbreviations: sex, gender; edu, education level; term, term of officer (the same below); M, mean; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 Multi-path model diagram of coaching leadership and employee deviant innovation behavior.

Note: **denotes p<0.01.

Table 4 Bootstrap Test of Significance of Main Effect Values

Number	Path	B	SE	95% CI
				Lower Limit	Upper Limit
Mediating effect 1 (hypothesis 2)	Coaching Leadership-> Interactional Justice-> Employees’ Deviant Innovation Behavior	0.303	0.087	0.166	0.510
Mediating effect 2 (hypothesis 3)	Coaching Leadership-> Organizational Identification-> Employees’ Deviant Innovation Behavior	0.515	0.205	0.205	0.965
Chain mediating effect (hypothesis 4)	Coaching Leadership-> Interactional Justice-> Organizational Identification-> Employees’ Deviant Innovation Behavior	0.060	0.042	0.002	0.164

Note: B is the effective value, and SE is the standard error. This table reports non-standardized coefficients.