Mediation Effects of Premarital Sexual Permissiveness on the Relationship Between Expectations for Marriage and Marital Intention of Vietnamese Undergraduate Students

Figures & data

Table 1 Sample Descriptive Characteristics

	Total (n = 344)	ITM	AOM	PSS
	Frequency	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Age, year
18–22	182 (52.9)	5.09 ± 1.38	5.58 ± 0.99	3.41 ± 1.05
22–25	162 (47.1)	4.86 ± 1.37	5.49 ± 0.95	3.70 ± 1.06
Gender
Male	131 (38.1)	5.33 ± 1.42	5.47 ± 0.97	3.82 ± 0.99
Female	213 (61.9)	4.77 ± 1.32	5.58 ± 0.97	3.38 ± 1.07
Area
Rural	179 (52.0)	4.91 ± 1.47	5.41 ± 0.98	3.35 ± 1.04
Urban	165 (48.0)	5.07 ± 1.29	5.68 ± 0.93	3.75 ± 1.05
Parent relationship
Living together	316 (91.9)	5.00 ± 1.40	5.54 ± 0.98	3.53 ± 1.06
Separated	13 (3.8)	4.72 ± 1.49	5.55 ± 0.96	3.67 ± 1.06
Divorced	15 (4.4)	4.82 ± 1.06	5.52 ± 0.87	3.77 ± 1.11
Sexual orientation
Homosexuality	16 (4.7)	4.40 ± 1.36	5.64 ± 0.96	3.64 ± 1.08
Heterosexuality	256 (74.4)	5.18 ± 1.37	5.55 ± 0.98	3.62 ± 1.03
Bisexuality	68 (19.8)	4.42 ± 1.29	5.53 ± 0.85	3.28 ± 1.14
Asexuality	4 (1.2)	4.67 ± 0.86	4.48 ± 1.80	3.00 ± 1.04
Religious
Godless	253 (73.5)	5.01 ± 1.41	5.56 ± 0.97	3.57 ± 1.02
Buddhist	53 (15.4)	4.99 ± 1.27	5.44 ± 0.98	3.84 ± 1.13
Christian	35 (10.2)	4.71 ± 1.37	5.58 ± 0.96	2.94 ± 1.07
Other religious belief	3 (0.9)	5.89 ± 1.17	5.13 ± 0.83	3.42 ± 0.88
Total		4.99 ± 1.39	5.54 ± 0.97	3.55 ± 1.06

Abbreviations: ITM, intent to marry; AOM, aspect of marriage; PSS, premarital sexual permissiveness.

Table 2 Test of Normality

Variables	Kolmogorov–Smirnov^a		Shapiro–Wilk
	Statistic	Sig.	Statistic	Sig.
ITM	0.111	0.000	0.956	0.000
AOM	0.105	0.000	0.932	0.000
PSS	0.076	0.000	0.985	0.001

Note: ^aLilliefors Significance Correction.

Abbreviations: ITM, intent to marry; AOM, aspect of marriage; PSS, premarital sexual permissiveness.

Figure 1 Hypothetical model. Following code abbreviations are financial aspect of marriage (AOM_F), romantic aspect of marriage (AOM_RO), respect in marriage (AOM_RE), trust in marriage (AOM_T), meanings in marriage (AOM_M), physical intimacy in marriage (AOM_P), aspect of marriage (AOM), premarital sexual permissiveness (PSS), intent to marry (ITM).

Table 3 Summary of Outer Loading, Composite Reliability and Average Variance Extracted of Constructs and Indicators Before Adjustment

Construct and Items	Loadings	α	CR	AVE
Aspect Of Marriage - Finance (AOM_F)		0.563	0.754	0.599
MS_AOM19	0.952
MS_AOM7	0.944
MS_AOM13	0.022
Aspect Of Marriage – Meaning (AOM_M)		0.887	0.921	0.746
MS_AOM8	0.918
MS_AOM16	0.863
MS_AOM1	0.859
MS_AOM10	0.810
Aspect Of Marriage – Physical Intimacy (AOM_PI)		0.614	0.799	0.614
MS_AOM5	0.945
MS_AOM12	0.938
MS_AOM23	0.264
Aspect Of Marriage – Respect (AOM_RE)		0.941	0.955	0.811
MS_AOM21	0.934
MS_AOM22	0.925
MS_AOM11	0.896
MS_AOM18	0.878
MS_AOM3	0.866
Aspect Of Marriage – Romance (AOM_RO)		0.580	0.788	0.591
MS_AOM9	0.922
MS_AOM2	0.913
MS_AOM15	0.300
Aspect Of Marriage – Trust (AOM_T)		0.838	0.899	0.665
MS_AOM14	0.92
MS_AOM4	0.912
MS_AOM20	0.904
MS_AOM6	0.881
MS_AOM17	0.234
Intent To Marry		0.886	0.928	0.811
MS_ITM2	0.928
MS_ITM1	0.919
MS_ITM3	0.853
Premarital Sexual Permissiveness		0.822	0.858	0.622
PSS1	0.918
PSS2	0.914
PSS3	0.821
PSS4	0.368

Abbreviations: MS, marital scale; AOM_F, aspect of marriage – finance; AOM_M, aspect of marriage – meaning; AOM_PI, aspect of marriage – physical intimacy; AOM_RE, aspect of marriage – respect; AOM_RO, aspect of marriage – romance; AOM_T, aspect of marriage – trust; ITM, intent to marry; PSS, premarital sexual permissiveness.

Table 4 Summary of Outer Loading, Composite Reliability and Average Variance Extracted of Constructs and Indicators After Adjustment

Construct and Items	Loadings	α	CR	AVE
Higher order components
Aspect Of Marriage (AOM)		0.963	0.97	0.845
Lower order components
Aspect Of marriage - Finance (AOM_F)		0.888	0.947	0.899
MS_AOM19	0.952
MS_AOM7	0.944
MS_AOM13
Aspect Of Marriage – Meaning (AOM_M)		0.887	0.921	0.746
MS_AOM8	0.918
MS_AOM16	0.863
MS_AOM1	0.859
MS_AOM10	0.810
Aspect Of Marriage – Physical Intimacy (AOM_PI)		0.897	0.951	0.906
MS_AOM5	0.945
MS_AOM12	0.938
MS_AOM23
Aspect Of Marriage – Respect (AOM_RE)		0.941	0.955	0.811
MS_AOM21	0.934
MS_AOM22	0.925
MS_AOM11	0.896
MS_AOM18	0.878
MS_AOM3	0.866
Aspect Of Marriage – Romance (AOM_RO)		0.861	0.935	0.877
MS_AOM9	0.922
MS_AOM2	0.913
MS_AOM15
Aspect Of Marriage – Trust (AOM_T)		0.930	0.950	0.827
MS_AOM14	0.92
MS_AOM4	0.912
MS_AOM20	0.904
MS_AOM6	0.881
MS_AOM17
Intent To Marry		0.886	0.928	0.811
MS_ITM2	0.928
MS_ITM1	0.919
MS_ITM3	0.853
Premarital Sexual Permissiveness		0.822	0.858	0.622
PSS1	0.918
PSS2	0.914
PSS3	0.821
PSS4	0.368

Abbreviations: MS, marital scale; AOM_F, aspect of marriage – finance; AOM_M, aspect of marriage – meaning; AOM_PI, aspect of marriage – physical intimacy; AOM_RE, aspect of marriage – respect; AOM_RO, aspect of marriage – romance; AOM_T, aspect of marriage – trust; ITM, intent to marry; PSS, premarital sexual permissiveness.

Table 5 Heterotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) Criterion of Lower Order Constructs

Constructs	AOM_F	AOM_F	AOM_F	AOM_F	AOM_F	AOM_F	ITM	PSS
AOM_F
AOM_M	0.979
AOM_PI	0.813	0.852
AOM_RE	0.987	0.994	0.803
AOM_RO	0.813	0.906	0.822	0.852
AOM_T	0.993	0.997	0.835	0.1012	0.849
ITM	0.284	0.287	0.305	0.303	0.294	0.294
PSS	0.248	0.273	0.343	0.217	0.302	0.242	0.217

Abbreviations: AOM_F, aspect of marriage – finance; AOM_M, aspect of marriage – meaning; AOM_PI, aspect of marriage – physical intimacy; AOM_RE, aspect of marriage – respect; AOM_RO, aspect of marriage – romance; AOM_T, aspect of marriage – trust; ITM, intent to marry; PSS, premarital sexual permissiveness.

Table 6 Heterotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) Criterion of Higher Order Constructs

Constructs	AOM	ITM	PSS
AOM
ITM	0.312
PSS	0.286	0.217

Abbreviations: ITM, intent to marry; AOM, aspect of marriage; PSS, premarital sexual permissiveness.

Table 7 Collinearity Statistics

Constructs	AOM	ITM	PSS
AOM		1.126	1.000
ITM
PSS		1.139

Abbreviations: ITM, intent to marry; AOM, aspect of marriage; PSS, premarital sexual permissiveness.

Table 8 Results of Structural Model: Direct Effects and Indirect Effects

Path	β Coefficient	t	p	95% Confidence Intervals	95% BC Confidence Intervals
Direct effect
AOM ➝ ITM	0.234	4.645	<0.001	[0.133; 0.331]	[0.137; 0.339]
AOM ➝ PSS	0.334	7.835	<0.001	[0.239; 0.409]	[0.255; 0.421]
Heterosexualiy ➝ ITM	0.203	4.017	<0.001	[0.102; 302]	[0.103; 0.303]
PSS ➝ ITM	0.153	2.696	0.007	[0.030; 255]	[0.038; 0.262]
Indirect effect
AOM ➝ PSS ➝ ITM	0.051	2.624	0.009	[0.013; 0.092]	[0.010; 0.088]

Abbreviations: ITM, intent to marry; AOM, aspect of marriage; PSS, premarital sexual permissiveness; BC, bias corrected.