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Review Article

Thermometry and ablation monitoring with ultrasound

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Pages 163-181 | Received 27 Nov 2014, Accepted 13 Jan 2015, Published online: 10 Mar 2015

Figures & data

Figure 1. 1D simulation of relative contributions of speed-of-sound change and thermal expansion to observed strain. Reprinted, with permission from Elsevier [Citation66].

Figure 1. 1D simulation of relative contributions of speed-of-sound change and thermal expansion to observed strain. Reprinted, with permission from Elsevier [Citation66].

Figure 2. Prototypical thermal strain image formation chain using displacement (disp.) estimation. © 2010 IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Lai et al. [Citation73].

Figure 2. Prototypical thermal strain image formation chain using displacement (disp.) estimation. © 2010 IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Lai et al. [Citation73].

Figure 3. Variation of shear wave velocity as a function of temperature, as assessed using shear wave elastography. © 2011 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. Reproduced by permission of IOP Publishing from Sapin-de Brosses et al. [Citation105]. All rights reserved.

Figure 3. Variation of shear wave velocity as a function of temperature, as assessed using shear wave elastography. © 2011 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. Reproduced by permission of IOP Publishing from Sapin-de Brosses et al. [Citation105]. All rights reserved.

Table 1. Summary of various methods for ultrasound thermometry and ablation monitoring. For our purposes, current clinical equipment includes ultrasound research systems such as Verasonics and Ultrasonix that utilise FDA-approved probes. Techniques that require accessory equipment such as mechanical stimulators, lasers, or custom transducers are not included in that category even though they may include a clinical or research ultrasound system in the method.

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