Population attributable risk of overweight and obesity for high blood pressure in Chinese children

Figures & data

Table I. Descriptive characteristics of Chinese children aged 7–17 years in 2010.

Variable	Boys (n = 98,606)	Girls (n = 98,585)
Age (years)	12.0 ± 3.2	12.0 ± 3.2
Height (cm)	151.6 ± 17.5	147.3 ± 13.9
Weight (kg)	44.1 ± 15.7	40.2 ± 12.3
BMI (kg/m^2)	18.6 ± 3.5	18.0 ± 3.1
BMI group (%)
Overweight	12.1	7.4
Obesity	6.9	3.5
SBP (mmHg)	105.3 ± 12.8	101.8 ± 11.4
DBP (mmHg)	65.0 ± 10.0	64.0 ± 9.4
BP group (%)
HBP	6.8	5.8
Area (%)
Urban	50.0	50.0

Data are shown as mean ± SD or percentage.

BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BP, blood pressure; HBP, high blood pressure.

Table II. Prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP), overweight and obesity in Chinese children aged 7–17 years among different groups in 2010.

Group	Boys				Girls
	Sample size	HBP (%)	BMI group (%)		Sample size	HBP (%)	BMI group (%)
			Overweight	Obesity			Overweight	Obesity
Age (years)
7	8,960	7.2	10.6	10.4	8,958	6.7	8.5	6.3
8	8,964	7.9	11.5	9.4	8,948	7.8	7.6	5.7
9	8,954	7.7	12.5	9.8	8,975	8.5	7.4	4.9
10	8,978	7.3	14.4	9.2	8,975	8.8	6.8	4.7
11	8,974	7.0	16.0	8.1	8,978	8.8	6.9	3.9
12	8,958	6.3	13.9	7.1	8,975	6.3	6.7	3.4
13	8,940	6.5	12.8	5.2	8,929	3.7	7.1	3.0
14	8,969	7.2	10.8	4.9	8,971	3.9	7.7	2.3
15	8,970	6.3	10.8	4.7	8,979	3.3	7.5	2.0
16	8,991	5.8	9.6	3.5	8,962	2.8	7.1	1.4
17	8,948	5.4	10.6	3.5	8,935	3.3	7.5	1.2
Area
Urban	49,312	6.6	14.8	9.0	49,257	5.5	8.7	4.4
Rural	49,294	7.0	9.4	4.8	49,328	6.1	6.0	2.7
BMI group
Normal weight	79,867	5.3	–	–	87,854	5.0	–	–
Overweight	11,959	10.5	–	–	7,252	9.9	–	–
Obesity	6,780	17.8	–	–	3,479	19.4	–	–

BMI, body mass index.

Table III. Population attributable risk and 95% confidence interval of high blood pressure due to overweight and obesity in Chinese children aged 7–17 years among different groups in 2010.

Group		Overweight (%)	Obesity (%)	Overweight + obesity (%)
Boys	Age (years)
	7	6.6 (3.8, 9.3)	12.8 (9.6, 15.9)	19.4 (15.0, 23.5)
	8	6.3 (3.5, 9.0)	10.0 (7.2, 12.8)	16.3 (12.2, 20.3)
	9	9.0 (6.0, 12.0)	13.6 (10.6, 16.6)	22.7 (18.3, 26.8)
	10	9.0 (5.8, 12.1)	12.4 (9.4, 15.3)	21.3 (16.8, 25.6)
	11	10.1 (6.6, 13.6)	15.5 (12.3, 18.6)	25.6 (20.8, 30.2)
	12	11.3 (7.7, 14.7)	17.6 (14.3, 20.8)	28.9 (24.0, 33.4)
	13	14.1 (10.5, 17.6)	17.5 (14.5, 20.4)	31.6 (27.0, 36.0)
	14	9.1 (5.9, 12.1)	10.2 (7.6, 12.7)	19.3 (15.1, 23.2)
	15	12.7 (9.2, 16.1)	13.6 (10.8, 16.4)	26.3 (21.9, 30.6)
	16	12.4 (8.8, 15.8)	8.8 (6.2, 11.3)	21.2 (16.7, 25.3)
	17	12.3 (8.5, 16.0)	9.5 (6.8, 12.1)	21.8 (17.2, 26.2)
	Area
	Urban	12.1 (10.5, 13.6)	16.5 (15.1, 18.0)	28.6 (26.5, 30.7)
	Rural	7.9 (6.7, 9.2)	9.5 (8.4, 10.6)	17.4 (15.8, 19.1)
Girls	Age (years)
	7	5.8 (3.1, 8.5)	8.7 (6.0, 11.4)	14.6 (10.6, 18.3)
	8	5.3 (3.0, 7.6)	9.4 (6.9, 11.7)	14.7 (11.2, 18.0)
	9	6.5 (4.2, 8.8)	9.4 (7.1, 11.5)	15.9 (12.6, 19.0)
	10	4.5 (2.4, 6.5)	9.3 (7.1, 11.4)	13.7 (10.7, 16.6)
	11	5.5 (3.4, 7.6)	5.0 (3.2, 6.7)	10.5 (7.7, 13.2)
	12	5.0 (2.5, 7.4)	8.1 (5.8, 10.3)	13.1 (9.7, 16.3)
	13	6.6 (2.9, 10.1)	10.1 (6.7, 13.3)	16.6 (11.7, 21.3)
	14	10.7 (6.7, 14.6)	11.7 (8.5, 14.8)	22.4 (17.3, 27.2)
	15	9.6 (5.3, 13.7)	10.2 (6.9, 13.4)	19.8 (14.5, 24.9)
	16	10.0 (5.2, 14.6)	4.7 (2.0, 7.4)	14.7 (9.2, 19.9)
	17	9.5 (5.0, 13.7)	3.5 (1.3, 5.7)	13.0 (8.0, 17.7)
	Area
	Urban	7.9 (6.6, 9.3)	9.8 (8.6, 11.0)	17.7 (15.9, 19.5)
	Rural	4.9 (3.8, 6.0)	6.9 (5.9, 7.8)	11.8 (10.4, 13.2)

Age, province and urban/rural area were adjusted for if they were not used as the group variable.

Table IV. Theoretical high blood pressure (HBP) prevalence and 95% confidence interval if overweight or/and obesity were eliminated in Chinese children aged 7–17 years in 2010.

Group		Actual HBP (%)	Theoretical HBP prevalence if overweight or/and obesity were eliminated (%)
			Overweight	Obesity	Overweight + obesity
Boys	Age (years)
	7	7.2	6.7 (6.5, 6.9)	6.3 (6.1, 6.5)	5.8 (5.5, 6.1)
	8	7.9	7.4 (7.2, 7.6)	7.1 (6.9, 7.3)	6.6 (6.3, 6.9)
	9	7.7	7.0 (6.8, 7.2)	6.6 (6.4, 6.9)	5.9 (5.6, 6.3)
	10	7.3	6.6 (6.4, 6.8)	6.4 (6.2, 6.6)	5.7 (5.4, 6.0)
	11	7.0	6.3 (6.1, 6.6)	5.9 (5.7, 6.2)	5.2 (4.9, 5.6)
	12	6.3	5.6 (5.4, 5.8)	5.2 (5.0, 5.4)	4.5 (4.2, 4.8)
	13	6.5	5.6 (5.4, 5.8)	5.4 (5.2, 5.6)	4.4 (4.2, 4.7)
	14	7.2	6.5 (6.3, 6.8)	6.5 (6.3, 6.6)	5.8 (5.5, 6.1)
	15	6.3	5.5 (5.3, 5.7)	5.4 (5.2, 5.6)	4.6 (4.4, 4.9)
	16	5.8	5.1 (4.9, 5.3)	5.3 (5.2, 5.4)	4.6 (4.3, 4.8)
	17	5.4	4.7 (4.5, 5.0)	4.9 (4.8, 5.0)	4.2 (4.0, 4.5)
	Area
	Urban	6.6	5.8 (5.7, 5.9)	5.5 (5.4, 5.6)	4.7 (4.6, 4.8)
	Rural	7.0	6.4 (6.3, 6.5)	6.3 (6.2, 6.4)	5.7 (5.6, 5.9)
Girls	Age (years)
	7	6.7	6.3 (6.2, 6.5)	6.1 (6.0, 6.3)	5.7 (5.5, 6.0)
	8	7.8	7.4 (7.2, 7.6)	7.1 (6.9, 7.3)	6.7 (6.4, 6.9)
	9	8.5	7.9 (7.7, 8.1)	7.7 (7.5, 7.9)	7.1 (6.9, 7.4)
	10	8.8	8.4 (8.2, 8.6)	8.0 (7.8, 8.2)	7.6 (7.3, 7.9)
	11	8.8	8.3 (8.1, 8.5)	8.3 (8.2, 8.5)	7.8 (7.6, 8.1)
	12	6.3	6.0 (5.8, 6.2)	5.8 (5.7, 5.9)	5.5 (5.3, 5.7)
	13	3.7	3.5 (3.4, 3.6)	3.4 (3.2, 3.5)	3.1 (2.9, 3.3)
	14	3.9	3.5 (3.4, 3.7)	3.5 (3.3, 3.6)	3.1 (2.9, 3.3)
	15	3.3	3.0 (2.9, 3.2)	3.0 (2.9, 3.1)	2.7 (2.5, 2.8)
	16	2.8	2.5 (2.4, 2.7)	2.7 (2.6, 2.7)	2.4 (2.2, 2.5)
	17	3.3	3.0 (2.8, 3.1)	3.2 (3.1, 3.3)	2.9 (2.7, 3.0)
	Area
	Urban	5.5	5.1 (5.0, 5.2)	5.0 (4.9, 5.1)	4.6 (4.5, 4.7)
	Rural	6.1	5.8 (5.7, 5.9)	5.7 (5.6, 5.7)	5.4 (5.3, 5.5)

Age, province and urban/rural area were adjusted for if they were not used as the group variable.