Effect of microemulsion in topical sertaconazole hydrogel: in vitro and in vivo study

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition of selected HSM formulations.

Formulation	Oleic acid (%)	Tween 80 (%)	Propylene glycol (%)	Distilled water (%)	Carbopol 940 (%)
HSM-1	13.42	32.08	32.8	21.70	0.75
HSM-2	8.57	44.2	22.41	24.20	0.75
HSM-3	8.78	51.48	17.16	22.88	0.75
HSM-4	8.75	33.35	33.35	24.55	0.75
HSM-5	4.54	50.74	25.37	19.35	0.75
HSM-6	2.75	22.80	22.8	51.65	0.75
HSM-7	8.25	54.12	27.0	10.57	0.75
HSM-8	13.58	43.9	21.95	20.57	0.75
HSM-9	18.14	37.28	18.64	25.94	0.75

HSM, hydrogel of sertaconazole microemulsion; %, Percentage.

Figure 1. (a) Pseudo ternary phase diagram of surfactant to co-surfactant ratio is 1:1. (b) Pseudo ternary phase diagram of surfactant to co-surfactant ratio is 2:1. (c) Pseudo ternary phase diagram of surfactant to co-surfactant ratio is 3:1.

Table 2. Characterization of HSM.

Formulation	Drug content	Viscosity (Pa s)	pH	Average droplet size (nm)
HSM-1	98.25 ± 0.33	156.85 ± 0.24	6.8	42.6
HSM-2	99.64 ± 0.83	158.73 ± 0.53	6.4	68.6
HSM-3	98.08 ± 0.68	154.23 ± 0.48	6.7	88.7
HSM-4	99.46 ± 0.75	160.97 ± 0.57	6.5	51.3
HSM-5	98.46 ± 0.81	161.18 ± 0.59	6.9	66.3
HSM-6	99.75 ± 0.73	162.52 ± 0.22	6.6	42.3
HSM-7	98.07 ± 0.94	158.68 ± 0.83	6.6	69.5
HSM-8	98.46 ± 0.76	159.48 ± 0.56	6.4	91.7
HSM-9	99.08 ± 0.95	164.77 ± 0.82	6.8	86.4

HSM, hydrogel of sertaconazole microemulsion.

Figure 2. In vivo Permeation study of HSMs and commercial cream “Onabet”.

Table 3. In vitro drug permeation study.

	HSM-1	HSM-2	HSM-3	HSM-4	HSM-5	HSM-6	HSM-7	HSM-8	HSM-9	Onabet
t50 (h)	4.1	5.4	6.1	3.4	5.0	7.6	8.4	5.9	3.9	4.2
t90 (h)	14.5	10.4	10.5	8.4	12.0	12.9	15.8	13.8	9.8	9.3
F1	13.1	20.2	34.7	12.1	13.3	49.6	47.0	24.5	5.0
F2	55.2	48.9	35.6	60.2	53.7	28.2	30.1	41.7	76.6

HSM, hydrogel of sertaconazole microemulsion; f₁, similarity factor; f₂, dissimilarity factor; t₅₀, the time required for 50% of drug permeation; t₉₀, the time required for 90% of drug permeation; Onabet, commercial cream.

Table 4. Comparison of zone of inhibition of optimized HSM gel with commercial cream.

Formulation	Average zone of inhibition (mm)
HSM-4	23.54 ± 0.72
Onabet	16.53 ± 0.63

HSM-4, optimized hydrogel of sertaconazole microemulsion; Onabet, commercial cream.