Figures & data
Table 1. Physicochemical property of liposomal formulations.
Figure 1. Particle size distribution of liposomes (A: PTX-TSL; B: NTSL), which were determined using PCS (Nanophox, Sympatec GmbH, Germany). Liposome suspension was diluted with distilled water, laser intensity was adjusted to 50–60%, desired temperature was 25 °C, measuring mode was cross correlation.
![Figure 1. Particle size distribution of liposomes (A: PTX-TSL; B: NTSL), which were determined using PCS (Nanophox, Sympatec GmbH, Germany). Liposome suspension was diluted with distilled water, laser intensity was adjusted to 50–60%, desired temperature was 25 °C, measuring mode was cross correlation.](/cms/asset/9fb42b7f-246e-4a2c-ade2-519fa8233a1f/idrd_a_1122674_f0001_c.jpg)
Figure 2. Transmission electron microscope photos of PTX-TSL (A) and NTSL (B), which show the morphology of the liposome dropped on a copper grid and stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid, then observed by TEM (JEM-1010, JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).
![Figure 2. Transmission electron microscope photos of PTX-TSL (A) and NTSL (B), which show the morphology of the liposome dropped on a copper grid and stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid, then observed by TEM (JEM-1010, JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).](/cms/asset/7da15777-65f3-4e2c-9059-6da101e852e1/idrd_a_1122674_f0002_b.jpg)
Figure 3. DSC of liposomal formulations, which shows phase transition of the TSL and NTSL, determined by differential scanning calorimetry (Q2000 differential scanning calorimeter, TA Instruments, USA).
![Figure 3. DSC of liposomal formulations, which shows phase transition of the TSL and NTSL, determined by differential scanning calorimetry (Q2000 differential scanning calorimeter, TA Instruments, USA).](/cms/asset/4339c14c-2afb-47f4-a182-6edfa3147da8/idrd_a_1122674_f0003_c.jpg)
Figure 4. In vitro, drug release from PTX-TSL and NTSL in vitro, determined at 37 °C and 42 °C, respectively. An aliquot of liposomal dispersion (0.4 mL) was dispersed into 10 mL release medium, i.e. PBS (pH 7.4) containing 0.5 M sodium salicylate. Then the suspension was placed into a dialysis tube immersed in release medium, samples were taken at predetermined time. Content of PTX released was determined by HPLC.
![Figure 4. In vitro, drug release from PTX-TSL and NTSL in vitro, determined at 37 °C and 42 °C, respectively. An aliquot of liposomal dispersion (0.4 mL) was dispersed into 10 mL release medium, i.e. PBS (pH 7.4) containing 0.5 M sodium salicylate. Then the suspension was placed into a dialysis tube immersed in release medium, samples were taken at predetermined time. Content of PTX released was determined by HPLC.](/cms/asset/3b4731c5-e643-4ae0-bec7-cf6da4ae36a1/idrd_a_1122674_f0004_b.jpg)
Figure 5. Transmission and backscattering profiles of liposomes by using Turbiscan Lab® Expert, an implement able to reflect the negligible variation of colloidal solution by determination of transmission and backscattering. At appointed time points, 10 mL PTX-TSL placed into tailor-made sample cell was exposed to Turbiscan Lab® Expert and measured.
![Figure 5. Transmission and backscattering profiles of liposomes by using Turbiscan Lab® Expert, an implement able to reflect the negligible variation of colloidal solution by determination of transmission and backscattering. At appointed time points, 10 mL PTX-TSL placed into tailor-made sample cell was exposed to Turbiscan Lab® Expert and measured.](/cms/asset/62e00cd5-a92a-4f45-a827-60fa61349754/idrd_a_1122674_f0005_c.jpg)
Table 2. Stability data of PTX-TSL, at −20 °C.
Figure 6. In vivo, tumor accumulation of paclitaxil in tumor bearing mice, which were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups: PI (PTX injection), NTSL, and PTX-TSL with or without hyperthermia. All groups received intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg PTX (PI or NTSL, PTX-TSL).
![Figure 6. In vivo, tumor accumulation of paclitaxil in tumor bearing mice, which were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups: PI (PTX injection), NTSL, and PTX-TSL with or without hyperthermia. All groups received intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg PTX (PI or NTSL, PTX-TSL).](/cms/asset/03bf2be4-055e-4ced-8102-53f8e4a98996/idrd_a_1122674_f0006_b.jpg)
Figure 7. Antitumor efficiency of various paclitaxil formulations on tumor-bearing mice (n = 9), which were randomly divided into four treatment groups: control group (5% glucose), PI, NTSL, PTX-TSL group. The groups were given three sequential injections every 72 h at a dose of 10 mg/kg of PTX, the mice were exposed to local hyperthermia above for 30 min.
![Figure 7. Antitumor efficiency of various paclitaxil formulations on tumor-bearing mice (n = 9), which were randomly divided into four treatment groups: control group (5% glucose), PI, NTSL, PTX-TSL group. The groups were given three sequential injections every 72 h at a dose of 10 mg/kg of PTX, the mice were exposed to local hyperthermia above for 30 min.](/cms/asset/9cb85e6e-38f4-4b4a-b014-8c9a916c78ce/idrd_a_1122674_f0007_b.jpg)
Table 3. Volume, mass, and inhibition rate of tumor (n = 10).
Figure 8. Concentration/time profiles of PTX formulations (PTX-TSL, NTSL, and PI). Each formulation was injected at a dose of 7.0 mg/kg, based on the total paclitaxel levels in plasma measured by HPLC-MS/MS.
![Figure 8. Concentration/time profiles of PTX formulations (PTX-TSL, NTSL, and PI). Each formulation was injected at a dose of 7.0 mg/kg, based on the total paclitaxel levels in plasma measured by HPLC-MS/MS.](/cms/asset/c6beea63-e560-4bcb-b818-ae978197ac5c/idrd_a_1122674_f0008_c.jpg)