For whom and under what circumstances do school-based energy balance behavior interventions work? Systematic review on moderators

Figures & data

Figure 1. Article search and study selection.

Table I. The results of the moderation analyses of the school-based interventions aimed at energy balance-related behaviors.

Moderators	Total PA	Sedentary behavior	Active transport	Fat intake	FV intake	Total energy intake	Snacking/fast food	Sugar/sweets intake	Soft drink consumption
Personal
Gender (female)	0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,+,+,+,+,+,−	0,0,0,0,0,0,0,−,−	0,0,0,+	0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,+,+,+,+	0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,±,+,+,+,+^b,x	0,0,0,0,0,0	0,0	0,−	0,≈
Age (younger)	0,0,0,0	0,0		0,0,0,±	0,0,0,0,0,0,0,+,+,−	0	0
thnicity (natives)	0,0,0,0,0,≈^a	0,0,0,0,0	0	0,0,≈(girls),	0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,−,	0,0,0	0		0
Baseline values of outcome (unfavorable)	0,0,0,0,0,0,+			0,0,+	0,+,+	0,0	+
Baseline weight status (obese)	0,0,0,0,0,0	+,0,0	0	0,0	0,0	0,0
SES (low)	0,0,0,0,0,+	0	0	0,0,0	0,0,0,0,+,x,x	0,0	+	0	0
Preferences					0
Health status (baseline CVD risk [high])				0				+(boys)
Growth (Increase in heights [low])	0			0		0
Situational
Recess time	0
Site (State, province)	0,0	0		0	0,0	0
Type of education (technical)				+^b
Lesson location (indoor)	+ VPA−walking
Teacher speciality (classroom teacher)	+
School food policy (fruit only policy)					+		0	0
Compliance (high)	+
Sports club participation	0	0	0
Country					+
Intervention part
Family involvement (high)	0	0			+
Food type provided (fruit)					0,≈,≈
Psychosocial
Intention (low)	+
PBC (low)	+
Attitude (low)	+
Normative beliefs	0

O; NS, +; significant for the group mentioned in brackets, − significant in the opposite direction for the group mentioned in brackets.

x; NS after stratified analysis, ± Stratified analysis results are not reported, Significant for both groups.

^aSignificant in low income group; ^bSignificant in Natives. VPA, vigorous physical activity.