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Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience Volume 19, 2017 - Issue 4
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Brain and behavior development in autism from birth through infancy

Desarrollo conductual y cerebral en el autism entre el nacimiento y la infancia

Developpement du cerveau et du comportement dans l'autisme de la naissance à la petite enfance

Mark D. ShenCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USACorrespondence[email protected]
&
Joseph PivenCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Pages 325-333 | Published online: 01 Apr 2022

Figures & data

Figure 1. Several brain features have been identified during the presymptomatic period in autism—before the unfolding of the diagnostic symptoms of autism. (A) Cortical surface area growth between 6 and 1 2 months of age is predictive of an eventual autism diagnosis35; (B) Increased volume of extra-axial CSF at 6 months of age (ie, CSF in the subarachnoid space; colored in red) is associated with autism diagnosis, early motor deficits, and later autism severityCitation34,Citation38; (A) Aberrant white matter connectivity (fractional anisotropy in the genu of the corpus callosum) is present at 6 months of age and is predictive of the severity of repetitive behaviors and sensory responsiveness at the time of diagnosisCitation50-Citation52; (DD) Altered functional connectivity at 6 months of age predicts an eventual autism diagnosis.Citation55 These neural features are concurrent with early behavioral signs in the first year of life, followed by the unfolding of diagnostic symptoms in the second year of life, and the consolidation of behavioral symptoms that are fully diagnostic of autism. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; WM, white matter.
Figure 1. Several brain features have been identified during the presymptomatic period in autism—before the unfolding of the diagnostic symptoms of autism. (A) Cortical surface area growth between 6 and 1 2 months of age is predictive of an eventual autism diagnosis35; (B) Increased volume of extra-axial CSF at 6 months of age (ie, CSF in the subarachnoid space; colored in red) is associated with autism diagnosis, early motor deficits, and later autism severityCitation34,Citation38; (A) Aberrant white matter connectivity (fractional anisotropy in the genu of the corpus callosum) is present at 6 months of age and is predictive of the severity of repetitive behaviors and sensory responsiveness at the time of diagnosisCitation50-Citation52; (DD) Altered functional connectivity at 6 months of age predicts an eventual autism diagnosis.Citation55 These neural features are concurrent with early behavioral signs in the first year of life, followed by the unfolding of diagnostic symptoms in the second year of life, and the consolidation of behavioral symptoms that are fully diagnostic of autism. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; WM, white matter.

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