Gender equity and sexual and reproductive health in Eastern and Southern Africa: a critical overview of the literature

Figures & data

Table 1 UNDP Gender Inequality Indices, 2011

EQUINET focal countries	UNDP Gender Inequality Index 2011
Democratic Republic of the Congo	0.71
Kenya	0.63
Zambia	0.63
Mozambique	0.60
Malawi	0.59
Tanzania	0.59
Uganda	0.58
Zimbabwe	0.58
Swaziland	0.55
Lesotho	0.53
Botswana	0.51
South Africa	0.49
Namibia	0.47
Mauritius	0.35
Angola	Data unavailable
Madagascar	Data unavailable

Source: UNDP (6).

Table 2 MMR of the 16 countries in 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2008

	MMR per 100,000 live births
Country	1980	1990	2000	2008
Angola	1,309	1,156	1,105	593
Botswana	424	237	655	519
DRC	498	616	850	534
Kenya	494	452	730	413
Lesotho	588	363	1,021	964
Madagascar	490	484	505	373
Mauritius	122	65	34	28
Malawi	632	743	1,162	1,140
Mozambique	411	385	505	599
Namibia	397	354	558	586
South Africa	208	121	155	237
Swaziland	559	359	609	736
Tanzania (United Republic of)	603	610	714	449
Uganda	435	571	604	352
Zambia	599	594	914	603
Zimbabwe	219	171	373	381

Source: Hogan et al. (8).

MMR, maternal mortality ratio.

Table 3 Legal grounds for abortion, 2007

	Grounds on which abortion may be permitted in 16 review countries
Countries	To save a woman's life	To preserve physical health	To preserve mental health	Rape or incest	Foetal impairment	Economic or social reason	On request
Angola^a	√	×	×	×	×	×	×
Botswana	√	√	√	√	√	√	×
Democratic Republic of Congo^a	√	×	×	×	×	×	×
Kenya^b	√	√	√	×	×	×	×
Lesotho	√	×	×	×	×	×	×
Madagascar^a	√	×	×	×	×	×	×
Malawi^a	√	×	×	×	×	×	×
Mauritius^a	√	×	×	×	×	×	×
Mozambique	√	√	√	×	×	×	×
Namibia	√	√	√	√	×	×	×
South Africa	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Swaziland	√	√	√	×	√	×	×
Tanzania	√	√	√	×	×	×	×
Uganda^b	√	√	√	×	×	×	×
Zambia	√	√	√	×	√	√	×
Zimbabwe	√	√	×	√	√	×	×

Source: WHO (15).

^aThe abortion laws in these countries do not expressly allow abortions to be performed to save the life of the woman, but general principles of criminal legislation allow abortions to be performed for this reason on the grounds of necessity.

^bThe abortion laws in these countries expressly allow abortions to be performed only to save the life of the woman, or are governed by general principles of criminal legalisation which allow abortions to be performed for this reason on the ground of necessity.

Fig. 1 Proportion of women with unmet family planning needs, 1990–1999 and 2000–2007. Source: WHO (22).

Table 4 Prevalence of HIV and percentage of ART coverage, 2010

Country	Prevalence (%)	ART coverage (%)
Angola	2	33
Botswana	24.8	93
DRC	No data available	No data available
Kenya	6.3	61
Lesotho	23.6	57
Madagascar	0.2	1
Malawi	11	No data available
Mauritius	1	16
Mozambique	11.5	40
Namibia	13.1	90
South Africa	17.8	55
Swaziland	25.9	72
Tanzania	5.6	42
Uganda	6.5	47
Zambia	13.5	72
Zimbabwe	14.3	59

Source: UNAIDS (24).

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UNAIDS. Report on the global epidemic. 2011; Geneva: UNAIDS.

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