Rheumatoid arthritis and the role of oral bacteria

Figures & data

Table 1. Oral bacteria associated to rheumatoid arthritis patients in clinical studies

Study design	Assay used	Sampling site	Associated bacteria	Reference
Case-control	Nephelometry and ELISA	Antibodies in serum	Porphyromonas gingivalis	Hitchon et al. 49
Cross-sectional	PCR	Bacterial DNA in subgingival plaque, serum and synovial fluid	Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella nigrescens	Martinez-Martinez et al. 41
Case-control	ELISA	Antibodies in serum	Porphyromonas gingivalis	Mikuls et al. 40
Case-control	ELISA and Immunoblotting	Antibodies in serum	Citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide and cross reactivity to Porphyromonas gingivalis	Lundberg et al. 50
Case-control	Checkerboard DNA-DNA-hybridization	Bacterial DNA in serum and synovial fluid	Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tanerella forsythensis, Prevotella Intermedia	Moen et al. 39
Case-control	ELISA	Antibodies in serum	Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melaninogenica, bacteroides, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans	Ogrendik et al. 38
Case-control	Agar plates	Bacterial growth	Staphylococcus aureus	Bassetti et al. 70
Cross-sectional	ELISA	Antibodies in serum and synovial fluid	Bacteroides forsythus and Prevotella intermedia	Moen et al. 45
Case-control	ELISA	Antibodies in serum	Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans	Yoshida et al. 28
Case-control	Agar plates	Bacterial growth	Staphylococcus aureus	Jacobson et al. 56
Case-control	ELISA	Antibodies in serum	Porphyromonas gingivalis	Yusof et al. 34
Case-control	ELISA	Antibodies in serum	B. gingivalis and Aubacterium saburreum	Tolo and Jorkjend 33

Table 2. Association of Porphyromonas gingivalis with arthritis in in vitro studies

Focus	Assay	Associated bacteria	Sample	Reference
Protein citrullination by P. gingivalis and breaking tolerance in RA	Immunoblotting Mass spectrometry	Porphyromonas gingivalis	Cell culture	Wegner et al. 46
P gingivalis infection and its effects on cell cycle progression and apoptosis of human articular chondrocytes	Scanning electron microscopy Double immunofluorescence Cytometry TUNEL Western blot analysis	Porphyromonas gingivalis	Cell culture	Pischon et al. 52
Exacerbation of action of a proapoptotic fibronectin on nitric oxide by bacteria	Western blot analysis Immunofluorescence. ELISA	Porphyromonas gingivalis Streptococcus mutans	Cell culture	Ghosh et al., 2008. 53
Hyperinflammatory genotype and functional interferences in innate and adaptive immune responses	ELISA	Porphyromonas gingivalis Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans	Mice	Trombone et al. 31

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