Effect of Supplementation of Lysine and Methionine on Growth Performance, Nutrients Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices for Growing Sika Deer (Cervus Nippon) Fed Protein Deficient Diet

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets.

Ingredients, g/100 g	ACP	DCP	Proximate composition	ACP	DCP
Corn	10.00	19.00	DM, %	93.97	93.80
Soybean meal	16.00	8.00	OM, %	80.95	82.22
Corn fibre	4.50	7.00	CP, %	16.67	13.77
Distiller dried grain soluble	5.00	4.00	ME, MJ/kg	9.93	9.81
Corn germ	10.00	7.50	EE, %	1.85	1.99
Alfalfa meal	50.00	50.00	NDF, %	52.53	54.94
Syrup	3.00	3.00	ADF, %	29.56	28.42
NaCl	0.50	0.50	Ca, %	1.00	0.96
Premix°	1.00	1.00	Total P, %	0.45	0.42
Total	100.00	100.00

ACP, crude protein-adequate; DCP, crude protein-deficient; DM, dry matter; OM, organic matter; CP, crude protein; ME, metabolic energy; EE, ether extract; NDF, neutral detergent fibre; ADF, acid detergent fibre. ME was a calculated value, while the others were measured values. °One kg of premix contained the following: MgO, 0.076 g; ZnSO₄•H₂O, 0.036 g; MnSO₄•H₂O, 0.043 g; FeSO₄•H₂O, 0.053 g; NaSeO₃, 0.031 g; vitamin A, 2484 U; vitamin D, 3496.8 U; vitamin E, 0.828 U; vitamin K, 0.00023 g; vitamin B₁, 0.000092 g; vitamin B₂, 0.00069 g; vitamin B₁₂, 0.00138 mg; folic acid, 0.023 mg; nicotinic acid, 0.00162 g; calcium pantothenate, 0.00115 g; CaHPO₄, 5.17 g; CaCO₃, 4.57g.

Table 2. Content of lysine and methionine in diets.

Item (level), %	ACP	DLN	DLL	DLH
Lys in basal diet	0.89	0.63	0.63	0.63
Met in basal diet	0.25	0.18	0.18	0.18
Addition of Lys	-	0.27	0.27	0.27
Addition of Met	-	-	0.10	0.20
Lys in test diet	0.89	0.90	0.90	0.90
Met in test diet	0.25	0.18	0.28	0.38

ACP, crude protein-adequate diet; DLN, crude protein-deficient (DCP) diet with 3 g/kg lysine; DLL, DCP with 3 g/kg lysine and 1 g/kg methionine; DLH, DCP with 3 g/kg lysine and 2 g/kg methionine; Lys, lysine; Met, methionine.

Table 3. Effects of supplementation of lysine and methionine on growth performance of deer.

Item	ACP	DLN	DLL	DLH	SEM	P
Initial BW, kg	28.93	29.80	29.68	28.85	3.23	0.96
Final BW, kg	38.25	37.58	38.75	38.15	3.28	0.97
ADG, g/d	133.21^a	111.07^b	129.64^ab	131.43^ab	12.90	0.10
ADFI, kg/d	1.65^a	1.60^ab	1.56^ab	1.53^b	0.07	0.11
G/F	0.079^ab	0.068^b	0.081^a	0.084^a	0.008	0.07

ACP, crude protein-adequate diet; DLN, crude protein-deficient (DCP) diet with 3 g/kg lysine; DLL, DCP with 3 g/kg lysine and 1 g/kg methionine; DLH, DCP with 3 g/kg lysine and 2 g/kg methionine; BW, body weight; ADG, average daily gain; ADFI, average daily feed intake; G/F, gain to feed ratio.

^a,bLeast square means in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different (P<0.05).

Table 4. Effects of supplementation of lysine and methionine on nutrients digestibility of deer.

Apparent digestibility, %	ACP	DLN	DLL	DLH	SEM	P
DM	62.33^A^a	56.32^B^c	58.31^AB^bc	60.49^AB^ab	1.91	<0.01
OM	64.05^A^a	58.14^B^c	59.88^AB^bc	62.41^AB^ab	2.22	0.01
CP	74.72^A	67.99^C	69.90^BC	72.32^AB	1.91	<0.01
NDF	65.51^ab	63.40^b	64.38^ab	68.35^a	2.60	0.09
ADF	53.79^ab	50.82^b	52.71^ab	55.95^a	2.43	0.07
Ca	26.70	27.31	27.30	31.23	2.96	0.39
Total P	69.87^AB^ab	71.88^AB^a	71.99^A^a	68.14^B^b	1.66	0.02

ACP, crude protein-adequate diet; DLN, crude protein-deficient (DCP) diet with 3 g/kg lysine; DLL, DCP with 3 g/kg lysine and 1 g/kg methionine; DLH, DCP with 3 g/kg lysine and 2 g/kg methionine; DM, dry matter; OM, organic matter; CP, crude protein; NDF, neutral detergent fibre; ADF, acid detergent fibre.

^a-cLeast square means in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different (P<0.05);

^A-Cleast square means in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different (P<0.01).

Table 5. Effects of supplementation of lysine and methionine on serum biochemical indices of deer.

Items	ACP	DLN	DLL	DLH	SEM	P
ALB, g/L	25.24^A	23.60^B	25.78^A	26.09^A	1.03	<0.01
GLOB, g/L	33.75^ab	32.43^b	34.90^a	34.21^ab	1.87	0.08
TP, g/L	58.99^A	56.03^B	60.68^A	60.30^A	1.60	<0.01
GLU, mmol/L	12.07	11.48	13.81	13.55	2.25	0.13
BUN, mmol/L	12.18^A^a	11.29^AB^b	10.93^B^b	11.35A^B^b	0.69	<0.01
ALT, U/L	79.97^A^a	73.28^AB^b	65.06^B^c	69.66B^bc	6.30	<0.01
AST, U/L	79.97^a	78.74^a	68.84^b	74.95^ab	8.08	0.04

ACP, crude protein-adequate diet; DLN, crude protein-deficient (DCP) diet with 3 g/kg lysine; DLL, DCP with 3 g/kg lysine and 1 g/kg methionine; DLH, DCP with 3 g/kg lysine and 2 g/kg methionine; ALB, albumin; GLOB, globuline; TP, total protein; GLU, glucose; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase.

^a-cLeast square means in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different (P<0.05);

^A,Bleast square means in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different (P<0.01).