Effect of Supplementation of Lysine and Methionine on Growth Performance, Nutrients Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices for Growing Sika Deer (Cervus Nippon) Fed Protein Deficient Diet

References

• AbeM.Iriki T.Funaba M.Ond S., 1998. Limiting amino acids for a corn and soybean meal diet in weaned calves less than 3 months of age. J. Anim. Sci. 76:628-636.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AllenM.S., 2000. Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 83:1598-1624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AOAC, 2003. Official methods of analysis. 17 th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
   Google Scholar
• AwawdehM.S.Titgemeyer E.C.Schroeder G.F.Gnad D.P., 2006. Excess amino acid supply improves methionine and leucineutilization by growing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1801-1810.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BartlettK.S.McKeith F.K.VandeHaar M.J.Dahl G.E.Drackley J.K., 2006. Growth and body composition of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing different amounts of protein at two feeding rates. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1454-1467.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BlomeR.M.Drackley J.K.McKeith F.K.Hutjens M.F.McCoy G.C., 2003. Growth, nutrient utilization, and body composition of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing different amounts of protein. J. Anim. Sci. 81:1641-1655.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BroderickG.A.Stevenson M.J.Patton R.A., 2009. Effect of dietary protein concentration and degradability on response to rumen-protected methionine in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 92:2719-2728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BroderickG.A.Stevenson M.J.Patton R.A.Lobos N.E.OlmosColmenero J.J., 2008. Effect of supplementing rumen-protected methionine on production and nitrogen excretion in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91:1092-1102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ClarkC.K.Petersen M.K., 1988. Influence of DL-methionine supplementation on growth, ruminal fermentation and dilution rates in heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 66:743-749.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GajeraA.P.Dutta K.S.Parsana D.K.Savsani H.H.Odedra M.D.Gajbhiye P.U.Murthy K.S.Chavda J.A., 2013. Effect of bypass lysine, methionine and fat on growth and nutritional efficiency in growing Jaffrabadi heifers. Vet. World 10:766-769.
   Google Scholar
• GordonG.L.R., Ashes J.R., 1984. In vitro digestion of wheat straw by different rumen anaerobic fungi. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 64:156-157.
   Google Scholar
• GreenwoodR.H.Titgemeyer E.C., 2000. Limiting amino acids for growing Holstein steers limit-fed soybean hull-based diets. J. Anim. Sci. 78:1997-2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HallK.L.Goetsch A.L.ForsterL.A.Jr., 1990. Effects of buffer or DL-methionine with different amounts of supplemental corn on feed intake and nutrient digestion by Holstein steers consuming Bermuda grass hay. J. Anim. Sci. 68:1674-1682.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HolterJ.B.Hayes H.H.Smith S.H., 1979. Protein requirement of yearling white-tailed deer. J. Wildlife Manage. 43:872-879.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HuismanJ.Weerden E.J.Leeuwen P.Koch P., 1988. Effect of methionine compounds on rumen activity of cows. Neth. J. Agr. Sci. 36:111.
   Google Scholar
• KamranZ.Sarwar M.Nisa M.U.Nadeem M.A.Mahmood S., 2010. Effect of low levels of dietary crude protein with constant metabolizable energy on nitrogen excretion, litter composition and blood parameters of broilers. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 12:401-405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeC.Hristov A.N.Cassidy T.W.Heyler K.S.Lapierre H.Varga G.A.de Veth M.J.Patton R.A.Parys C., 2012a. Rumen-protected lysine, methionine, and histidine increase milk protein yield in dairy cows fed a metabolizable proteindeficient diet. J. Dairy Sci. 95:6042-6056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeC.Hristov A.N.Heyler K.S.Cassidy T.W.Lapierre H.Varga G.A.Parys C., 2012b. Effects of metabolizable protein supply and amino acid supplementation on nitrogen utilization, milk production, and ammonia emissions from manure in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 95:5253-5268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonardi C.Stevenson M.Armentano L.E., 2003. Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86:4033-4042.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LiW.H.Wang A.Zhao Q.F.Wu A.Q., 2007. Effects of digestion and metabolism of Huai goats added DL-methionine in rumen. Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou Yi 7:21-25.
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council, 2007. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants. Sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
   Google Scholar
• PaulaM.N.Germán D.M.M.José H.H.Benigno R.S.Ricardo B.G.Luis T.A., 2012. Effect of ruminally protected methionine on body weight gain and growth of antlers in red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the humid tropics. Trop. Anim. Health Pro. 44:681-684.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RosellV.L.Zimmerman D.R., 1985. Threonine requirement of pigs weighing 5-15 kg and the effect of excess methionine in diets marginal in threonine. J. Anim. Sci. 60:480-486.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SchroederG.F.Titgemeyer E.C.Awawdeh M.S.Smith J.S.Gnad D.P., 2006. Effects of energy source on methionine utilization by growing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1505-1511.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SmithS.H.Holter J.B.Hayes H.H.Silver H., 1975. Protein requirements of white-tailed deer fawns. J. Wildlife Manage. 39:582-589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TomkinsN.W.McMeniman N.P., 2006. The effect of different levels of dietary crude protein on urea metabolism of rusa deer (Cervus timorensis). Small Ruminant Res. 66:187-196.
   Google Scholar
• WangX.Li G.Y.Cui X.Z.Bao K.Ning H.R., 2011. Investigation about appropriate proteins of total mixed rations on young male sika calves over winter. Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou Yi 38:23-26.
   Google Scholar
• WeekesT.L.Luimes P.H.Cant J.P., 2006. Responses to amino acid imbalances and deficiencies in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89:2177-2187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WeigelD.J.Elliott J.P.Clark J.H., 1997. Effects of amount and ruminal degradability of protein on nutrient digestibility and production by cows fed tallow. J. Dairy Sci. 80:1150-1159.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• YangS.Y.Oh Y.K.Ahn H.S.Kwak W.S., 2014. Maintenance crude protein requirement of penned female Korean spotted deer (Cervus nippon). Asian Austral. J. Anim. 27:30-35.
   Google Scholar
• YenJ.T.Veum T.L., 1982. Effect of lysine, tryptophan and (or) carbadox additions to low protein corn-soybean meal diets for young pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 55:1099-1108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YunQ.Diao Q.Y.Tu Y.Zhang N.F.Wang J.H.Zhou M., 2011. Effects of dietary lysine to methionine ratio on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and metabolism in weaned calves. Zhongguo Nong Ye Ke Xue 44:133-142.
   Google Scholar
• ZhangG.J.Xie C.Y.Thackerc P.A.Htood J.K.Qiao S.Y., 2013. Estimation of the ideal ratio of standardized ileal digestible threonine to lysine for growing pigs (22-50 kg) fed low crude protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 18:83-91.
   Google Scholar