Assessing Covalent Binding of Reactive Drug Metabolites by Complete Protein Digestion and LC–MS Analysis

Abstract

Background: Covalent binding by reactive drug metabolites represents a poorly understood cause of drug toxicity. Currently, assessing protein covalent binding usually entails the use of radioactive drug and therefore has limited applicability in drug discovery. Several marketed drugs are known to form reactive metabolites and have been shown to covalently bind to proteins. Results: In this article, we describe a new method for the analysis of reactive metabolite–protein binding by MS using a strategy of complete digestion of microsomal proteins into free amino acids. Immobilized pronase was found to be the best method for complete digestion in terms of stability of amino acid modifications as well as minimized spectral background. Conclusion: Modified cysteine residues were identified for four tested drug compounds known to form reactive metabolites following in vitro microsomal incubations and accurate mass measurements by LC–MS analysis.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Professor Sylvain Canesi (Chemistry, UQAM) for help with the synthesis of 6-aminoquinolyl N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate. This research has been funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.