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Abstract
Multi-target screening of biological fluids is a key tool in clinical and forensic toxicology. A complete toxicological analysis encompasses the sample preparation, the chromatographic separation and the detection. The present review briefly covers the new trends in sample preparation and detection and mainly focuses on the chromatographic stage, since a lot of technical improvements have been proposed over the last years. Among them, columns packed with sub-2 μm fully porous particles and sub-3 μm core-shell particles allow for significant improvements of resolution and higher throughput. Even if reversed-phase LC remains the most widely used chromatographic mode for toxicological screening, hydrophilic interaction chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography appear as promising alternatives for attaining orthogonal selectivity, retention of polar compounds, and enhanced MS sensitivity.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.