Trial watch

Figures & data

Table 1. Clinical trials recently launched to evaluate the safety and efficacy of immunostimulatory cytokines in cancer patients*

Cytokine	Indication(s)	Status	Phase	Route	Notes	Ref.
FLT3L	Lymphoma	Recruiting	II	i.t.	Combined with radiotherapy and a TLR3 agonist	NCT01976585
GM-CSF	Breast carcinoma Ovarian carcinoma	Recruiting	I/II	s.c.	Combined with a FOLR1- targeting vaccine	NCT02019524
	Follicular B-cell lymphoma	Completed	II	s.c.	Combined with rituximab	NCT01939730
	GBM	Not yet recruiting	I/II	n.a.	Combined with multipeptide vaccine and imiquimod	NCT02078648
	GBM Gliosarcoma	Not yet recruiting	II	s.c.	Combined with a cell-based vaccine, bevacizumab and cyclophosphamide	NCT01903330
	Melanoma	Completed	III	s.c.	As single agent or combined with TYR-targeting vaccine	NCT01989572
		Recruiting	I/II	n.a.	Combined with ipilimumab	NCT02009397
	Mesothelioma	Recruiting	II	s.c.	Combined with a WT1-targeting vaccine	NCT01890980
	NSCLC	Recruiting	II	n.a.	Combined with an autophagosome- derived vaccine and imiquimod	NCT01909752
IFN-α IFN-α2b	AML	Recruiting	IV	n.a.	As single agent upon allogeneic stem cell transplantation	NCT02027064
	Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors	Not yet recruiting	III	s.c.	As single agent	NCT01860742
	Anal intraepithelial neoplasia	Recruiting	I/II	s.c.	Combined with a HPV-16-targeting vaccine	NCT01923116
	Childhood craniopharyngioma	Not yet recruiting	II	s.c.	As single agent	NCT01964300
	CML	Not yet recruiting	II	n.a.	Combined with dasatinib	NCT01872442
		Not yet recruiting	II	s.c.	Combined with imatinib and nilotinib	NCT02001818
		Recruiting	I	s.c.	Combined with imatinib	NCT01933906
		Recruiting	II	s.c.	Combined with nilotinib	NCT01866553
	Melanoma RCC	Not yet recruiting	I/II	s.c.	Combined with anti-PDCD1 mAb	NCT02089685
IFNγ	Soft tissue sarcoma	Recruiting	n.a.	s.c.	As single agent	NCT01957709
IL-2	AML	Not yet recruiting	I	s.c.	Combined with adoptively transferred NK cells	NCT01898793
	Breast carcinoma Gastric carcinoma	Recruiting	I/II	s.c.	Combined with adoptively transferred NK cells and trastuzumab	NCT02030561
	Melanoma	Recruiting	II	i.t.	As an L19-fused immunocytokine combined with L19-TNFα	NCT02076633
	Merkel cell carcinoma	Recruiting	II	i.v.	As an F16-fused immunocytokine combined with paclitaxel	NCT02054884
	Multiple myeloma	Recruiting	II	n.a.	Combined with adoptively transferred NK cells	NCT01884688
	Neuroblastoma	Recruiting	II	s.c.	Coupled to an anti-GD2 mAb, G-CSF and GM-CSF for the treatment of MRD	NCT01857934
	NHL	Recruiting	I/II	s.c.	As a CD20-targeting immunocytokine	NCT01874288
	NSCLC	Not yet recruiting	I	i.v.	As an L19-fused immunocytokine after SABR	NCT02086721
	Prostate cancer	Recruiting	I/II	n.a.	Combined with FOLH1-specific CAR-expressing T cells	NCT01929239
	Solid tumors	Not yet recruiting	I	s.c.	Combined with NY-ESO-1-targeted PBLs and ipilimumab	NCT02070406
		Recruiting	I	i.v.	As a CEA-targeting immunocytokine	NCT02004106
			II	n.a.	Combined with NY-ESO-1-targeted PBLs	NCT01967823
IL-7	Prostate cancer	Not yet recruiting	II	s.c.	Combined with sipuleucel-T	NCT01881867
IL-10	Solid tumors	Recruiting	I	s.c.	As single agent	NCT02009449
IL-15	Solid tumors	Recruiting	I	i.v.	Combined with autologous activated NK cells	NCT01875601

Abbreviations: AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; FLT3L, fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand; FOLH1, folate hydrolase 1; FOLR1, folate receptor 1; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HPV-16, human papillomavirus Type 16; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; i.t., intra tumorem; i.v., intra venam; mAb, monoclonal antibody; MRD, minimal residual disease; n.a., not available; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; NK, natural killer; NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma; PBL, peripheral blood lymphocyte; PDCD1, programmed cell death 1; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; SABR, stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy; s.c., sub cutem; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; TYR, tyrosinase; WT1, Wilms tumor 1. *Between 2013, May 1st and the date of submission.