Claudins in intestines

Figures & data

Table 1. Expression of claudins in mammalian intestines

Intestine segments	Expression of claudins in human	References	Expression of claudins in mice	References
duodenum	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 15,	5, 79, 80	2, 3, 7, 15	9, 32
jejunum	Not determined	5	2, 3, 7, 12, 15	9, 12, 13, 32
ileum	2, 7, 8, 12, 15	5	1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 15	9, 10, 31, 103, 167
Large intestine	1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 15	5, 6, 7, 8	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 15	9, 32, 41, 47, 49, 77, 96

Figure 1. Claudin profiling during postnal intestinal development in mice (adapted from Holmes et al., 2006).

Table 2. Regulation of claudin expression in intestines by transcription factors or other protein modulators

Claudin	Transcription factors	Other protein modulators	References
1	β-catenin,Trefoil factor family 3, FoxO4, Smad5, COX-2	Cathepsin L, Na^+/H^+ exchanger 2,Aquaporin 3,IL-10, Muc2	27, 28, 29, 33, 35, 38, 39, 43, 48, 49
2	Trefoil factor family 3,Cdx1,Cdx2,HNF-1α,GATA-4, Smad5	Cathepsin L,Na^+/H^+ exchanger 3,EpCAM, PTPN2,Guanylyl cyclase C, Matriptase, ST14	27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 40, 43, 51, 53
3	__	EpCAM, TLR2	32, 37
4	TGF-β	Guanylyl cyclase C, PrP(c), Connexin 26	41, 46, 52, 175
5	__	Muc2	49
7	__	EpCAM	32
10	__	Muc2, JAM-A	49, 54
15	__	EpCAM, Na^+/H^+ exchanger 3, JAM-A	32, 34, 54

Table 3. Changes in claudin expression in intestines in diseases

Diseases	Changes of claudin(s)	References
inflammatory bowel disease	1 ↓	56, 57
ulcerative colitis	2 ↑, 7 ↓	8, 63
acute colitis	1 ↓, 3 ↓, 4 ↓, 5 ↓	64
Crohn’s disease	2 ↑↓, 4 ↓, 5 ↓, 8 ↓, 12 ↑↓	5, 59
gluten-sensitive disease	4 ↑	79
celiac disease	2 ↑, 3 ↓↑, 5 ↓, 7 ↓, 15 ↑	80, 81
collagenous colitis	4 ↓	60
food allergy	1 ↓	84
acute pancreatitis	1 ↓, 4 ↓	85
chronic kidney disease	1 ↓	86
liver cirrhosis	1 ↓	87
obstructive jaundice	1 ↓, 4 ↑, 7 ↓	91
strangulated intestinal obstruction	1 ↑	7
ischemia/reperfusion injury	1 ↓, 4 ↑, 7 ↓	101
burn injury	1 ↑	103

Table 4. Factors affecting claudin expression and intestinal barrier

Factors disrupting intestinal barrier	Claudin(s)	References	Factors improving intestinal barrier	Claudin(s)	References
platelet-activating factor	1 ↓	137	intestinal trefoil factor	1 ↑	137
mycotoxin ochratoxin A	3 ↓, 4 ↓	138	moxibustion	1 ↑	166
deoxynivalenol	3 ↓, 4 ↓	139, 140,141	fish oil	1 ↑	167
irinotecan	1 ↓	142	VSL#3	2 ↑	168
endocannabinoids	1 ↓	143	butyrate	1 ↓, 2 ↓	169
prolactin	3 ↓	146	intestinal alkaline phosphatase	1 ↑, 3 ↓	170
interleukin 4	2 ↑	150	TGF-β	4 ↑	173
gliadin	3 ↓, 4 ↓	151	nicotine	1 ↑	174
chitosan	4 ↓	152	kaempferol	1 ↑, 3 ↑, 4 ↑	175
vitamin D	3 ↓	154	flavonoid quercetin	4 ↑	176
glutamine	1 ↓	156	interleukin 17	1 ↑, 2 ↑	179