Comparison of withdrawal symptom intensity between hypnosis and nicotine-replacement-therapies: A pilot study

ABSTRACT

Smoking cessation is a global public health issue. Nicotine dependence is a dynamic process that is not limited to physical dependence. Hypnosis can be helpful in the global management of smoking cessation. We explored this effect by comparing the effects of hypnosis and nicotine-replacement therapies (NRT) on tobacco withdrawal.

Thirty participants were included in this comparative-randomized pilot study in parallel controlled groups after ethical validation. Participants were recruited by a general practitioner and had standardized consultations with addiction and hypnosis specialists and adapted treatment. The evolution of withdrawal symptoms was compared using the Cigarette Withdrawal Scale-21 for one month after smoking cessation in an adult tobacco-addict population wishing to stop smoking and receiving either NRT or hypnosis, both supported by motivational interviews. Craving intensity (French version of the Tobacco Craving Questionnaire), nicotine dependence (Fagerström), tobacco consumption, anxiety (Hamilton scale), and depression (Montgomery-Asberg scale) were also evaluated. Hypnosis appeared to have an influence on reducing the number of smoked cigarettes, whereas NRT appeared to influence markers of both physical and psychic dependence. A complementarity of hypnosis and NRT may be a viable therapeutic alternative to reduce the intensity of withdrawal symptoms after voluntary smoking cessation. A study on a larger population with a longer follow-up is needed to assess the advantages of each method to quit smoking.

KEYWORDS:

• Hypnosis
• nicotine replacement therapies
• smoking
• withdrawal

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the co-investigator addictologists (C. Audouin-Picot, J. Bégaud, K. Bettayeb, J. Brissaud, C. Bureau-Yniesta, S. Cantaloube, L. Charmes, J.P. Coisne, F. Deschamps, P. Dupraz, M. El Kadi, C. Kretszchmar, C. Larqué, M. Louis, J.F. Maneuf, M. Mohsen, B. Morel, C. Olliac-Duflos, S. Rebière, J.J. Timon, and P. Villéger) and the hypnotherapists (P. Aïm, L. Beauseigneur, J.M Benhaiem, S. Cantaloube, A. Collin, Y. Doutrelugne, E. Legros, D. Megglé, M. Pareaud, D. Quin, P. Quintard, M. Raoult, J.J. Timon, P. Vesproumis, P. Villéger) who participated in the study, and Michelle Bouchareychas and Dominique Puissant for managing the study.