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Spectroscopy

Bioaccessibility of Fifteen Elements from Dried Fruits by the BARGE (Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe) Unified Bioaccessibility Method (UBM) and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

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Pages 1162-1181 | Received 25 Nov 2022, Accepted 26 Jul 2023, Published online: 10 Aug 2023
 

Abstract

The BARGE (Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe) unified bioaccessibility method (UBM) was applied to assess the bioaccessibility of essential and toxic elements (B, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, and Cd) in 11 dried fruit samples, two certified reference materials, and British Geological Survey guidance material (BGS) 102. The total, UBM gastric, and gastro-intestinal (GI) phase concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma—mass spectrometry. The accuracy of the methods was verified using BGS 102 for the BARGE UBM and SRM 1573a for total concentrations. The order for mean bioaccessible fractions (BF %) in gastric phase for the dried fruit was Rb (101) > Sr (79) > Mn (59) > Cr (46) > Ni (37) > Fe (36) = Zn (36) > Cu (33) > Co (32) > Al (24) > V (22) > B (19) > Cd (18) > Mo (8) > As (6). Total and bioaccessible concentrations for Mn, Rb, and Sr are significantly and positively correlated with each other. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to classify bioaccessible elements and samples in gastric and GI phases.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

Dr. Şerife Tokalıoğlu is grateful for the financial support obtained from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) (Project No: 119Z748) and Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Unit (Project No: FYL-21-10803).

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