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Abstract
Mobile elements are ubiquitous and extremely active agents of genome variability and evolution. They contribute the bulk of DNA in most eukaryotic genomes, and promote various chromosomal rearrangements more efficiently and often more specifically than other cellular processes (i.e. deletions, duplications and inversions). The Class II element mariner is present from fungal genomes to invertebrates and vertebrates. In this paper, the identification and chromosomal localization of a new mariner-like element is reported in the genome of Trimerotropis pailidipennis, a grasshopper species with a high incidence of polymorphic inverted rearrangements with adaptive significance. This element was detected by FISH in centromeric and telomeric regions of most autosomes with pericentric inversions, and also in the X-chromosomes. These chromosome regions coincide in most cases with the extremes of inversions, suggesting a possible role mariner element played in the origin of inverted rearrangements in T. pallid-ipennis.