Combustion Inhibition Ability of Piperazine Phosphoramide Derivatives and Titanium Carbide on Epoxy Resin

ABSTRACT

Herein, piperazine phosphoramide derivatives (PPDO) and titanium carbide modified by hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (c-Ti₃C₂) were blended with epoxy resin (EP) to fabricate EP/c-Ti₃C₂/PPDO nanocomposites. According to thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) results and pyrolysis kinetic analysis, EP/c-Ti₃C₂/PPDO nanocomposites can improve the thermal stability and the activation energy of EP. Furthermore, thermal degradation mechanism of EP and its nanocomposites with conversion between 0.55 and 0.99 conforms to the F3 model. With 1 wt% c-Ti₃C₂ and 3 wt% PPDO incorporated, the LOI value of EP/c-Ti₃C₂-1/PPDO-3 can reach up to 32% while achieves V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. Based on the cone calorimeter results, the peak heat release rate of EP/c-Ti₃C₂-1/PPDO-3 reduced by 40.1%. More continuous and dense phosphorus-rich char residues were produced for EP/c-Ti₃C₂-1/PPDO-3 nanocomposites, which can act as a physical barrier to hinder the heat transfer, protect the underlying polymers from further decomposition and isolate the diffusion of combustible gases. The synergistic effect between c-Ti₃C₂ and PPDO in catalytic carbonization obviously accounts for the improved flame retardant performance. This work provides an insight into the flame retardant mechanism and the thermal degradation mechanism of c-Ti₃C₂ and PPDO on EP, showing a promising application potential of c-Ti₃C₂ and PPDO in enhancing the thermal stability and flame retardancy of EP.

KEYWORDS:

• Thermal degradation
• kinetics
• epoxy resin
• titanium carbide
• flame retardancy

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the fouding-source National Natural Science Foundation of China (51991352), Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2019448) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2480000007 and WK2320000047) for their support. In addition, We would also like to thank Dr. Yi Jin at Experimental Center of Engineering and Material Sciences, USTC for their assistance with thermophysical property analysis.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51991352); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [WK2480000007 and WK2320000047]; Excellent Young Scientist Training Program of USTC [KY2320000018]; Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS [2019448];islJCTD-2022-3;USTC Tang Scholar;