The dopaminergic system dynamic in the time perception: a review of the evidence

ABSTRACT

Dopaminergic system plays a key role in perception, which is an important executive function of the brain. Modulation in dopaminergic system forms an important biochemical underpinning of neural mechanisms of time perception in a very wide range, from milliseconds to seconds to longer daily rhythms. Distinct types of temporal experience are poorly understood, and the relationship between processing of different intervals by the brain has received little attention. A comprehensive understanding of interval timing functions should be sought within a wider context of temporal processing, involving genetic aspects, pharmacological models, cognitive aspects, motor control and the neurological diseases with impaired dopaminergic system. Particularly, an unexplored question is whether the role of dopamine in interval timing can be integrated with the role of dopamine in non-interval timing temporal components. In this review, we explore a wider perspective of dopaminergic system, involving genetic polymorphisms, pharmacological models, executive functions and neurological diseases on the time perception. We conclude that the dopaminergic system has great participation in impact on time perception and neurobiological basis of the executive functions and neurological diseases.

KEYWORDS:

• Dopamine
• time perception
• genetic
• executive functions
• neurological diseases

Authorship contributions

V. Marinho, T. Oliveira, K. Rocha, J. Ribeiro, F. Magalhães, B. Velasques, P. Ribeiro, L. Di Giorgio and J. Bittencourt wrote the initial manuscript.

T. Bento, M. Orsini, G. R. Pinto, D. S. Gupta, V. H. Bastos and S. Teixeira with editing, reviewing, scientific input and final presentation.

Disclosure statement

Authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Victor Marinho

Victor Marinho is a doctoral student in Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, and Researcher at Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Parnaíba, Brazil.

Thomaz Oliveira

Thomaz Oliveira is a doctoral student in Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, and Researcher at Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Parnaíba, Brazil.

Kaline Rocha

Kaline de Melo Rocha is professor at the Federal University of Piauí. She is a doctoral student in Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Parnaíba, Brazil.

Jéssica Ribeiro

Jéssica Ribeiro is a doctoral student in Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Parnaíba, Brazil.

Francisco Magalhães

Francisco Magalhães is a doctoral student in Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Parnaíba, Brazil.

Thalys Bento

Thalys Bento is a student in Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Parnaíba, Brazil.

Giovanny R. Pinto

Giovanny R. Pinto is a professor and mentor in the Master and Ph.D programs at Federal University of Piauí. He is a head of the Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory.

Bruna Velasques

Bruna Velasques is professor at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, First Affiliated Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Coordinator of the Electrophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention Laboratory.

Pedro Ribeiro

Pedro Ribeiro is professor at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, First Affiliated Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Luiza Di Giorgio

Luiza Di Giorgio is a doctoral student in Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, First Affiliated Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.

Marco Orsini

Marco Orsini is professor at the Federal University Fluminense, Niterói – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Researcher at Department of Neurology, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, First Affiliated Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Professor of Rehabilitation Science Program, Analysis of Human Movement Laboratory, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Daya S. Gupta

Daya S. Gupta is an adjunct professor of Biology at Camden County College, Blackwood, New Jersey, USA.

Juliana Bittencourt

Juliana Bittencourt is professor at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, First Affiliated Biomedical Engineering Program (COPPE) of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Victor Hugo Bastos

Victor Hugo Bastos at the Federal University of Piauí. Mentor in the Master program at Federal University of Piauí. He is a head of the Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory.

Silmar Teixeira

Silmar Teixeira at the Federal University of Piauí. Mentor in the Master and PhD. programs at Federal University of Piauí. He is a head of the Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory.