The Psychological and Social Benefits of Sport and Physical Activity

Abstract

Csikszentmihalyi's (1982) model of sport values is used as a framework for examining the benefits of sport. An overview is given of the research evidence pertaining to the contribution of sport and physical activity to personal enjoyment, personal growth, social integration and social change. In all four areas, there is seen to be a potential for significant positive contributions; however, there is also a potential for negative outcomes. The critical feature then becomes identifying the prerequisite activity, leadership, organizational and environmental conditions for facilitating positive outcomes. A number of recommendations for future research directions are made with respect to the different outcome areas.

KEYWORDS:

• Sport
• physical activity
• outcomes
• benefits