Publication Cover
KIVA
Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History
Volume 60, 1995 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

The Houghton Road Site, the Agua Caliente Phase, and the Early Formative Period in the Tucson Basin

Pages 531-574 | Published online: 26 Jul 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Recent excavations at the Houghton Road site (AZ BB: 13: 398) provide new insights into a virtually unknown time in Tucson Basin prehistory. Houses at the site date to what has recently been termed the Plain Ware horizon, the first stage of Formative culture in southern Arizona. This stage is distinguished from the Late Archaic San Pedro stage Cochise by the introduction of ceramic vessel production and the construction of large, formal pit houses. In other respects, the material culture and socioeconomic system evidenced at Houghton Road differs little from San Pedro Cochise and does not suggest a fully sedentary, maize-dependent lifestyle. Ceramic and architectural styles also are distinct from those that came to characterize the later Hohokam- influenced culture of the region. This suggests the presence of a pan-South-westem root culture with affinities to the Early-Pit-House-period Mogollon culture. These distinctive characteristics are defined here as the Agua Caliente phase, the Plain Ware horizon variant in the Tucson Basin.

RESUMES

Las recientes excavaciones en ei sitio Houghton Road (AZ BB: 13: 398) proveen nueva información sobre un período virtualmente desconocido en la prehistoria de la Cuenca de Tucson. Las habitaciones en este sitio datan de lo que recientemente se ha denominado horizonte Cerámica Ordinaria, la primera fase de la cultura Formativa en el sur de Arizona. Esta fase se distingue de la fase San Pedro del Arcaico Tardio Cochise por la introducción de vasijas cerámicas y la construcción de amplias estructuras semi-subterráneas formales. En otros aspectos, la cultura material y el sistema socioeconómico evidenciado en Houhgton Road difiere muy poco de San Pedro Cochise y no sugiere una forma de vida sedentaria o dependiente del maíz. Los estilos cerámicos y arquitectónicos también se distinguen de aquéllos que caracterizaron a la cultura posterior de influencia Hohokam en la región. Esto sugiere la presencia de una raíz cultural pan-Suroeste, afín a la del período Pit House Temprano de la cultura Mogollón. Estas distintivas characterísticas se definen aquí como la fase Agua Caliente, una variante del horizonte Cerámica Ordinaria en la Cuenca de Tucson.

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