Using a Random Forest Model to Choose Optimized Group Structures

Abstract

It is challenging to select an appropriate group structure for any given multigroup neutron transport problem. Many group structures were designed long ago, and the reasoning behind the creator’s choices may be unknown. In this work, we apply the simulated annealing optimization method to develop improved group structures for a set of test problems. We then use a random forest (a machine learning method) to identify which group structure will be the best for any new problem based on input characteristics, such as geometry and isotopics.

Simulated annealing spans a large solution space before narrowing in on an optimal solution, avoiding local minima by jumping around. Our solution space, however, is large and inconsistent, making finding the optimal group structure infeasible. Instead, we find potentially optimal group structures, ones that yield more accurate solutions than our standard group structures, but are probably not the “best” possible. Group structures are obtained for six classes of problems, ranging from a fast ²³³U system to a thermal ²³⁹Pu system. These were chosen to encompass a series of critical assemblies from the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) handbook. These optimized group structures were used in PARTISN for a large range of ICSBEP critical assemblies and compared to the traditional Los Alamos National Laboratory group structures. Our reference solution was from 618-group PARTISN runs. The results were used to train a random forest regressor model with bagging, which was then tested on similar benchmarks. The bagging regressor model chose the best group structure from 52% to 65% of the time, and a subjectively “good” group structure up to 91% of the time.

Keywords:

• Multigroup
• optimization
• simulated annealing
• random forest
• machine learning

Acknowledgements

This work, LA-UR-22-30309, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL. LANL is operated by Triad National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy (contract no. 89233218CNA000001).

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

^a We used 276 of these alternate benchmarks instead of 285 because of trouble processing some of the inputs. If an input failed to run, then it was discarded.