Bohemian Graduates in the UK: Disciplines and Location Determinants of Creative Careers

Abstract

Faggian A., Comunian R., Jewell S. and Kelly U. Bohemian graduates in the UK: disciplines and location determinants of creative careers, Regional Studies. The human capital and regional economic development literature has become increasingly interested in the role of the ‘Bohemian occupations’ on economic growth. By using UK higher education student micro-data, the characteristics and location determinants of creative (Bohemian) graduates are investigated. Three specific subgroups are examined: creative arts and design graduates; creative media graduates; and other creative graduates. It is found that these disciplines influence the ability of graduates to enter creative occupations and to be successful in the labour market. The role of geography is also highlighted, with London and the South East emerging as hubs for studying and providing Bohemian graduates with more labour market opportunities.

Clase creativa Capital humano Estudios superiores Mercado de trabajo Economía regional

Faggian A., Comunian R., Jewell S. and Kelly U. 英国波西米亚风格的毕业生：专业与区位对创意职业的影响，区域研究。研究人力资本和区域经济发展的文献中，越来越关注于 “波西米亚型（文艺）职业” 在经济增长中的作用。本文利用英国高等教育学生微观数据，分析了特征和区位对创意（波西米亚）型毕业生的影响。调查设置了三个特定的分组，分别是创意艺术和设计毕业生、创意媒体毕业生以及其他创意类毕业生。研究发现，专业影响了毕业生们进入创意职业及人才市场中获得成功的能力。同时，地理因素的作用也得到强调，伦敦和东南部地区作为新兴的核心片区，提供了更多的学习和就业机会。

创意阶层 人力资本 高等教育 劳动力市场 区域经济

Faggian A., Comunian R., Jewell S. et Kelly U. Les diplômés au Royaume-Uni et les professions bohèmes: les filières et les facteurs de localisation des carrières créatives, Regional Studies. La documentation sur le capital humain et l'aménagement du territoire a porté de plus en plus d'intérêt au rôle des ‘professions bohèmes’ quant à la croissance économique. En employant des données micro-économiques pour le Royaume-Uni auprès des étudiants dans l'enseignement supérieur, on examine les caractéristiques et les facteurs de localisation des diplômés à l'esprit créatif (à savoir, bohèmes). On examine trois sous-groupes particuliers: les diplômés des arts créatifs et du design; les diplômés des médias créatifs; et d'autres diplômés à l'esprit créatif. Il s'avère que ces filières influencent la capacité des diplômés de s'insérer dans des professions créatives et de réussir sur le marché du travail. On souligne aussi le rôle de la géographie, alors que Londres et le Sud-Est ressortissent comme le noyau pour les études créatives et mettent à la disponibilié des diplômés bohèmes davantage de possibilités d'emploi.

Classe créative Capital humain Enseignement supérieur Marché du travail Économie régionale

Faggian A., Comunian R., Jewell S. und Kelly U. Hochschulabsolventen kreativer Studiengänge in Großbritannien: Disziplinen und Standortdeterminanten von kreativen Berufen, Regional Studies. In der Literatur über Humankapital und regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung wird der Rolle der kreativen Berufe für das Wirtschaftswachstum zunehmend Beachtung geschenkt. Wir untersuchen anhand von Mikrodaten über britische Hochschulstudenten die Merkmale und Standortdeterminanten von Hochschulabsolventen kreativer Studiengänge. Untersucht werden drei spezifische Untergruppen: Hochschulabsolventen im Bereich Kunst und Design, Hochschulabsolventen im Bereich der kreativen Medien sowie Hochschulabsolventen in weiteren kreativen Studiengängen. Wir stellen fest, dass sich diese Disziplinen auf die Chancen der Absolventen bei der Suche nach einem kreativen Beruf und der erfolgreichen Teilnahme am Arbeitsmarkt auswirken. Ebenso wird die Rolle der Geografie hervorgehoben, wobei sich London und der Südosten als Zentren für kreative Studiengänge sowie als Gebiete mit mehr Beschäftigungschancen für Hochschulabsolventen im kreativen Bereich erweisen.

Kreative Klasse Humankapital Hochschulbildung Arbeitsmarkt Regionalwirtschaft 

Faggian A., Comunian R., Jewell S. y Kelly U. Licenciados bohemios en el Reino Unido: disciplinas y determinantes de ubicación de carreras creativas, Regional Studies. En la bibliografía sobre el capital humano y el desarrollo económico regional se menciona cada vez más el papel de las ‘ocupaciones bohemias’ en el crecimiento económico. Con ayuda de microdatos de estudiantes de estudios superiores en el Reino Unido, investigamos las características y los determinantes de ubicación de los licenciados creativos (bohemios). Examinamos tres subgrupos específicos: licenciados en artes creativas y diseño; licenciados en medios creativos; y otros licenciados creativos. Observamos que estas disciplinas influyen en la capacidad de los licenciados de dedicarse a ocupaciones creativas y tener éxito en el mercado laboral. También destacamos el papel de la geografía, siendo Londres y el sureste del país los centros para estudiar y ofrecer más oportunidades del mercado laboral a licenciados bohemios.

Keywords:

• Creative class
• Human capital
• Higher education
• Labour market
• Regional economics

JEL classifications:

• I
• I2
• J
• J4
• J24
• R
• R1

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support of the ‘Impact of Higher Education Institutions on Regional Economies Initiative’ (Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Grant Number RES-171-25-0032, co-funded by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), the Scottish Funding Council, the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (HEFCW), and the Department for Education and Learning Northern Ireland (DELNI). Nevertheless, all the views expressed are solely the responsibility of the authors.

Notes

In Florida's (2002) own words, at the core of the creative class there are ‘people in science and engineering, architecture and design, education, arts, music and entertainment, whose economic function is to create new ideas, new technology, and/or new creative content’, but also ‘the creative professionals in business and finance, law, healthcare and related fields. These people engage in complex problem solving that involves a great deal of independent judgment and requires high levels of education or human capital’ (p. 8).

For more information on JACS, see http://www.hesa.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=158&Itemid=233/.

In detail, these include: Fine Arts: W110 Drawing, W120 Painting, W130 Sculpture, W140 Printmaking, W150 Calligraphy, W160 Fine Art Conservation, W190 Fine Art not elsewhere classified; Design: W210 Graphic Design, W211 Typography, W212 Multimedia Design, W213 Visual Communication, W220 Illustration, W230 Clothing/Fashion Design, W231 Textile Design, W240 Industrial/Product Design, W250 Interior Design, W260 Furniture Design, W270 Ceramics Design, W280 Interactive and Electronic Design, W290 Design Studies not elsewhere classified; Music: W310 Musicianship/Performance Studies, W330 History of Music, W340 Types of Music, W350 Musicology, W360 Musical Instrument History, W390 Music not elsewhere classified; Drama: W410 Acting, W420 Directing for Theatre, W430 Producing for Theatre, W440 Theatre Studies, W450 Stage Management, W451 Theatrical Wardrobe Design, W452 Theatrical Make-up, W460 Theatre Design, W461 Stage Design, W490 Drama not elsewhere classified; Dance: W510 Choreography, W520 Body Awareness, W530 History of Dance, W540 Types of Dance, W590 Dance not elsewhere classified; Cinematics and Photography: W610 Moving Image Techniques, W611 Directing Motion Pictures, W612 Producing Motion Pictures, W613 Film and Sound Recording, W614 Visual and Audio Effects, W615 Animation Techniques, W620 Cinematography, W630 History of Cinematics and Photography, W631 History of Cinematics, W632 History of Photography, W640 Photography, W690 Cinematics and Photography not elsewhere classified; Crafts: W710 Fabric and Leather Crafts, W711 Needlecraft, W712 Dressmaking, W713 Soft Furnishing, W714 Weaving, W715 Leatherwork, W720 Metal Crafts, W721 Silversmithing/Goldsmithing, W722 Blacksmithing, W723 Clock/Watchmaking, W730 Wood Crafts, W731 Carpentry/Joinery, W732 Cabinet Making, W733 Marquetry and Inlaying, W734 Veneering, W740 Surface Decoration, W750 Clay and Stone Crafts, W751 Pottery, W752 Tile Making, W753 Stone Crafts, W760 Reed Crafts, W761 Basketry, W762 Thatching, W770 Glass Crafts, W771 Glassblowing, W780 Paper Crafts, W781 Bookbinding, W782 Origami, W790 Crafts not elsewhere classified; Imaginative Writing: W810 Scriptwriting, W820 Poetry Writing, W830 Prose Writing, W890 Imaginative Writing not elsewhere classified; Others in Creative Arts and Design: W990 Creative Arts and Design not elsewhere classified.

These include: Information Services: P110 Information Management, P120 Librarianship, P121 Library Studies, P130 Curatorial Studies, P131 Museum Studies, P132 Archive Studies, P190 Information Services not elsewhere classified; Publicity Studies: P210 Public Relations, P290 Publicity Studies not elsewhere classified; Media Studies: P301 Television Studies, P302 Radio Studies, P303 Film Studies, P304 Electronic Media Studies, P305 Paper-based Media Studies, P310 Media Production, P311 Television Production, P312 Radio Production, P313 Film Production, P390 Media Studies not elsewhere classified; Publishing: P410 Electronic Publishing, P411 Publishing on Audio/Video Tape, P412 Publishing on CD-ROM, P413 Publishing via the World Wide Web, P420 Multi-media Publishing, P430 Interactive Publishing, P490 Publishing not elsewhere classified; Journalism: P510 Factual Reporting, P590 Journalism not elsewhere classified; Others in Mass Communications and Documentation: P990 Communications and Documentation not elsewhere classified.

In the UK the degree classification system has the following classifications: first, upper second, lower second, third and pass.