1,869
Views
91
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Start-ups and Local Entrepreneurial Social Capital in the Municipalities of Sweden

, &
Pages 974-994 | Received 01 Jun 2012, Published online: 09 Jan 2014
 

Abstract

Westlund H., Larsson J. P. and Olsson A. R. Start-ups and local entrepreneurial social capital in the municipalities of Sweden, Regional Studies. This paper contains one of the first empirical attempts to investigate the influence of local entrepreneurial social capital (ESC) on start-up propensity. A unique database, including not only total start-ups but also data on start-ups divided into six sectors, is used to study the impact of ESC on start-ups per capita. The results support the hypothesis that social capital, measured both as (1) firm perception of local public attitudes to entrepreneurship and (2) the share of small businesses influences start-up propensity in Swedish municipalities. The findings also support previous results suggesting that social capital has a somewhat stronger influence in rural areas than in urban areas.

Westlund H., Larsson J. P. and Olsson A. R. 瑞典城市中的新创企业与地方创业社会资本,区域研究。本文包含探讨地方创业社会资本(ESC)对新创企业倾向之影响的初步经验性尝试。本研究运用不仅涵盖所有新创企业、更包含依据六大部门划分数据的特殊数据集,研究地方创业社会资本对新创企业的平均影响。研究结果支持以下假说:同时做为(1)企业对于地方对创业精神的公众态度之认知,以及(2)小型企业比例的社会资本,影响着瑞典城市中新创企业的倾向。研究发现同时支持过去主张社会资本在乡村地区较城市地区更具有影响力之研究结果。

Westlund H., Larsson J. P. et Olsson A. R. La création d'entreprises et le capital social entrepreneurial local dans les municipalités suédoises, Regional Studies. Cet article comprend l'une des premières tentatives empiriques d’étudier l'impact du capital social entrepreneurial local (entrepreneurial social capital; ESC) sur la propension à créer une entreprise. On emploie une banque de données unique, y compris non seulement la création d'entreprises globale mais aussi des données sur la création d'entreprises ventilées en fonction de six secteurs, pour étudier l'impact de l'ESC sur la création d'entreprises par tête. Les résultats confirment l'hypothèse que le capital social, interprété à la fois comme (1) le point de vue des entreprises quant aux réactions du public vis-à-vis de l'esprit d'entreprise et (2) la part des petites entreprises, influence la propension à créer une entreprise dans les municipalités suédoises. Les conclusions confirment aussi les résultats antérieurs qui laissent supposer que le capital social exerce un peu plus d'influence en milieu rural qu'en zone urbaine.

Westlund H., Larsson J. P. und Olsson A. R. Firmengründungen und lokales unternehmerisches Sozialkapital in schwedischen Gemeinden, Regional Studies. Dieser Beitrag enthält einen der ersten empirischen Versuche einer Untersuchung des Einflusses von lokalem unternehmerischem Sozialkapital auf die Neigung zur Firmengründung. Anhand einer eindeutigen Datenbank, die nicht nur die Gesamtanzahl von Firmengründungen, sondern auch nach sechs Sektoren aufgegliederte Daten über neu gegründete Firmen enthält, untersuchen wir die Auswirkungen von lokalem unternehmerischem Sozialkapital auf die Anzahl der Firmengründungen pro Einwohner. Die Ergebnisse bekräftigen die Hypothese, dass sich das Sozialkapital – gemessen als (1) die Auffassung der Firmen hinsichtlich der vor Ort vorhandenen öffentlichen Einstellung zum Unternehmertum sowie als (2) der Anteil von Kleinbetrieben – auf die Neigung zur Firmengründung in schwedischen Gemeinden auswirkt. Ebenso bekräftigen die Ergebnisse frühere Resultate, die auf einen etwas größeren Einfluss des Sozialkapitals in ländlichen im Vergleich zu städtischen Gegenden schließen ließen.

Westlund H., Larsson J. P. y Olsson A. R. Empresas emergentes y capital social empresarial de ámbito local en los municipios de Suecia, Regional Studies. Este artículo contiene uno de los primeros intentos empíricos de analizar la influencia del capital social empresarial de ámbito local en cuanto a la tendencia de crear nuevos negocios. A partir de una base de datos única, en la que se incluyen no solamente las empresas emergentes sino también datos sobre las nuevas empresas clasificadas en función de seis sectores, estudiamos el impacto del capital social empresarial en las nuevas empresas per cápita. Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis de que el capital social, medido como (1) la percepción de las empresas en cuanto a las actitudes públicas locales hacia las actividades empresariales y (2) la participación de pequeñas empresas, influye en la tendencia a crear nuevos negocios en los municipios de Suecia. Los resultados también respaldan resultados anteriores en los que se sugiere que el capital social tiene en cierta medida mayor influencia en zonas rurales que en zonas urbanas.

JEL classifications:

Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank the editors of the special issue, Michael Fritsch and David Storey, for very valuable and insightful comments.

Funding

This work was partly financed by the research council Formas [grant number 2009-1192].

Notes

2. For details, see Garfoli (Citation1994).

3. Both measures were collected from the World Value Surveys (WVS) and similar, as, for example, the European Value Surveys (EVS).

4. This corresponds well to the results of Eliasson et al. (Citation2013), who investigated the impact of local business-related social capital on income growth per capita of the Swedish municipalities and found indications that the importance of local social capital decreases with increasing municipality size.

5. Comparable data for the primary sector were not available.

8. The survey is conducted during September-November the year before they are presented, i.e. the data used in this study are collected between 1999 and 2001. The selection of companies is made by Statistics Sweden from its company register and is based on size classes. In larger municipalities the sample is higher than 200 firms; in Stockholm it is 1200. The survey comprises a number of questions on companies' opinion on the local business climate. Combined with statistics on start-ups, employment, size of private sector, etc. the survey forms the basis for a yearly ranking of the Swedish municipalities' business climate. Here, only the replies of certain questions are used.

9. From a critical perspective it can, of course, be argued that culture and economic behaviour are interrelated phenomena and that executives' views on local business climate not only have an impact on new firm formation but also are being influenced by the development of the local economy. This kind of endogeneity problem is increasingly being discussed in the literature, but is hard to solve. This paper uses the classical way to deal with possible endogeneity by using measures of the independent variables that are earlier in time than the measures of the dependent variables.

Log in via your institution

Log in to Taylor & Francis Online

PDF download + Online access

  • 48 hours access to article PDF & online version
  • Article PDF can be downloaded
  • Article PDF can be printed
USD 53.00 Add to cart

Issue Purchase

  • 30 days online access to complete issue
  • Article PDFs can be downloaded
  • Article PDFs can be printed
USD 211.00 Add to cart

* Local tax will be added as applicable

Related Research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.