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Original Articles

Firm performance in the periphery: on the relation between firm-internal knowledge and local knowledge spillovers

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Pages 1219-1231 | Received 27 May 2015, Accepted 10 Mar 2016, Published online: 08 Jun 2016
 

ABSTRACT

Firm performance in the periphery: on the relation between firm-internal knowledge and local knowledge spillovers. Regional Studies. One of the most established arguments in regional studies is that knowledge dynamics shape the geography of economic activities and, more specifically, that knowledge-intensive activities benefit from collocation due to knowledge spillovers, local buzz and access to labour. There are, however, competing arguments that knowledge-intensive firms also suffer from negative spillovers and are less dependent on local knowledge sources than often presumed. Using Swedish micro-data from 2005–11, this paper shows that firms with weak internal knowledge grow faster in knowledge-intensive regions. However, the growth difference disappears or is even reversed for knowledge-intensive firms.

摘要

边陲地区的厂商表现:厂商内部知识与在地知识外溢之间的关係. Regional Studies. 区域研究中最为确立的主张之一是,知识动态形塑了经济活动的地理,特别是知识密集活动因知识外溢、地方传言与劳动管道而受益于共同区位。但与其竞争的主张则认为,知识密集厂商同时受到负面外溢效应的困扰,并且较经常被预设的状况而言,更少依赖在地的知识来源。本文运用瑞典2005年至2011年的微观数据,显示内部知识微弱的厂商,在知识密集区域中成长较快。但对知识密集厂商而言,成长差异会消失,甚至被翻转。

RÉSUMÉ

La performance des entreprises situées à la périphérie: le rapport entre les connaissances propre à l'entreprise et la diffusion des connaissances locales. Regional Studies. Dans les études régionales, l’un des arguments les plus établis est le suivant: la dynamique de connaissances façonne la géographie des activités économiques et, plus précisément, les activités à forte intensité de connaissances profitent de la collocation due aux retombées de connaissances, à la vitalité locale et à l’accès au travail. Cependant, il existe des arguments divergents. À savoir, les entreprises à forte intensité de connaissances éprouvent des retombées négatives et dépendent moins des sources de connaissances locales qu’il n’est souvent présumé. À partir des données microéconomiques suédoises de 2005 à 2011, cet article cherche à démontrer que la croissance des entreprises dont les connaissances internes sont faibles s’avère plus rapide aux régions à forte intensité de connaissances. Néanmoins, l’écart de croissance disparaît ou même s’inverse pour ce qui est des entreprises à forte intensité de connaissances.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Firmenleistung in der Peripherie: die Beziehung zwischen firmeninternem Wissen und lokalen Wissensübertragungen. Regional Studies. Eines der etabliertesten Argumente der Regionalwissenschaft lautet, dass die Wissensdynamik die Geografie der Wirtschaftstätigkeit prägt und dass insbesondere wissensintensive Tätigkeiten aufgrund von Wissensübertragungen, lokalem Rauschen und Zugang zu Arbeitskräften von einem gemeinsamen Standort profitieren. Allerdings widersprechen dem Argumente, dass wissensintensive Firmen auch unter negativen Übertragungseffekten leiden und weniger auf lokale Wissensquellen angewiesen sind als oftmals angenommen. Mithilfe von schwedischen Mikrodaten im Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2011 wird in diesem Beitrag gezeigt, dass Firmen mit schwachem internem Wissen in wissensintensiven Regionen schneller wachsen. Allerdings verschwindet bei wissensintensiven Firmen der Unterschied beim Wachstum oder kehrt sich sogar um.

RESUMEN

Rendimiento empresarial en la periferia: la relación entre el conocimiento interno de las empresas y la difusión local de conocimientos. Regional Studies. Uno de los argumentos más constatados en los estudios regionales es que las dinámicas de conocimiento forman la geografía de las actividades económicas y, más en concreto, que las actividades intensivas en conocimientos se benefician de la coubicación debido a la difusión de conocimiento, la actividad local y el acceso al mercado laboral. Sin embargo, existen argumentos contrapuestos que esgrimen que las empresas de conocimiento intensivo también padecen efectos indirectos negativos y que dependen menos de las fuentes de conocimiento locales de lo que con frecuencia se supone. A partir de microdatos de Suecia de 2005 a 2011, en este artículo mostramos que las empresas con un débil conocimiento interno crecen más deprisa en las regiones intensivas en conocimientos. No obstante, la diferencia de crecimiento desaparece o llega incluso a invertirse para las empresas con conocimientos intensivos.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors thank Stefano Usai and Francesco Quatraro for the invitation to submit to this special issue. They also thank the three anonymous reviewers whose comments have contributed to improving the paper.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at http://10.1080/00343404.2016.1175554

Notes

1. As the focus of this paper is on knowledge externalities and the geography of knowledge, the term ‘periphery’ refers to knowledge periphery rather than, for example, administrative or population periphery (though these are, of course, highly correlated). The implication from this is that even densely populated regions can be in the knowledge periphery if they have a low level of knowledge intensity. The motivation for focusing on knowledge intensity stems from a focus here on the debate on knowledge-intensive firms and knowledge-based externalities, which is prevalent in the literature.

2. The focus on technological or scientific knowledge intensity (physical, mathematical and engineering science professionals) is motivated by the fact that many studies on the geography of knowledge and LKS have focused on the mobility of such labour, patenting and R&D (which is closely linked to this type of knowledge).

3. As pooled OLS is sensitive to outliers, the raw data are corrected by removing extreme outliers as regards growth, i.e. all observations that are below or above 3 SD (standard deviations) as calculated for the dependent variables of the raw data. Also, the findings of the study are not qualitatively affected when estimating a quantile regression, which is robust against outliers.

4. The authors thank an anonymous reviewer for pointing this out.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by VINNOVA [grant number 2013-05115].

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