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Original Articles

Technological diversity in Europe: empirical evidence from agri-food research projects

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Pages 374-387 | Received 12 Jan 2016, Published online: 05 May 2017
 

ABSTRACT

Technological diversity in Europe: empirical evidence from agri-food research projects. Regional Studies. Regional technological diversity is the capacity of regions to carry out research in multiple technology fields. Based on the analysis of 730 competitive research projects funded by the 7th European Framework Programme in agri-food, we show that the capacity to obtain funding and the regional degree of centrality in collaborative networks promote technological diversity. European programmes for research tend to encourage specialization in peripheral territories and technological diversity in central regions. This has challenging implications for a policy that wants to promote research excellence and, simultaneously, to reduce the wide regional variation in research and innovation performance across the European Union.

摘要

欧洲的技术多样性:农业食品研究项目的实证证据。Regional Studies. 区域技术多样性,是区域在多重技术场域进行研究的能力。我们根据第七欧盟架构计画所资助的七百三十个竞争的农粮研究计画之分析显示,取得补助的能力与在合作网络的中心性之区域层级,可促进技术多样性。欧盟的研究计画倾向鼓励边陲地域的专殊化,以及核心区域的技术多样化。而这对企图促进卓越研究并同时减少欧盟内部研究与创新表现的大幅区域差异的政策而言,带来了挑战性的意涵。

RÉSUMÉ

Diversité technologique en Europe: données empiriques découlant de projets agroalimentaires. Regional Studies. La diversité technologique régionale est la capacité des régions d’effectuer une recherche dans de multiples secteurs technologiques. Sur la base de l’analyse de 730 projets de recherche compétitifs financés par le 7ème programme cadre dans le secteur agroalimentaire, nous démontrons que la capacité d’obtenir un financement et le degré régional de centralité dans les réseaux de collaboration encouragent la diversité technologique. Des programmes de recherche européens ont tendance à encourager la spécialisation dans des territoires périphériques ainsi que la diversité dans des régions centrales. Les implications sont difficiles pour une politique visant la promotion de l’excellence dans la recherche conjointement avec le renforcement de l’innovation dans l’Union européenne.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Technische Vielfalt in Europa: empirische Belege von Forschungsprojekten für Nahrungsmittelerzeugung. Regional Studies. Bei der regionalen technischen Vielfalt handelt es sich um die Kapazität von Regionen zur Forschung in verschiedenen technischen Bereichen. Anhand einer Analyse von 730 miteinander konkurrierenden Forschungsprojekten, die vom 7. Europäischen Rahmenprogramm für Nahrungsmittelerzeugung finanziert wurden, zeigen wir, dass die Kapazität für den Erhalt einer Finanzierung und das regionale Ausmaß der Zentralität in kooperativen Netzwerken die technische Vielfalt fördern. Europäische Forschungsprogramme fördern in der Regel eine Spezialisierung in peripheren Gebieten und technische Vielfalt in zentralen Regionen. Dies ist mit problematischen Auswirkungen für eine Politik verbunden, die erstklassige Forschung fördern und zugleich die starken regionalen Unterschiede bei der Leistung im Bereich der Forschung und Innovation innerhalb der Europäischen Union verringern will.

RESUMEN

Diversidad tecnológica en Europa: evidencia empírica de proyectos de investigación agroalimentaria. Regional Studies. La diversidad tecnológica regional es la capacidad de las regiones para llevar a cabo estudios en los campos tecnológicos múltiples. A partir del análisis de 730 proyectos de investigación competitivos financiados por el VII programa marco europeo para la industria agroalimentaria, mostramos que la capacidad para obtener financiación y el grado regional de centralidad en redes de colaboración fomentan la diversidad tecnológica. Los programas europeos para la investigación suelen estimular la especialización en territorios periféricos y la diversidad tecnológica en regiones centrales. Esto tiene efectos adversos para una política que quiere fomentar la excelencia en investigación y a la vez reducir las fuertes diferencias regionales en el campo de la investigación y la innovación en la Unión Europea.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work benefited from valuable input given by Elisa Giuliani, Andrea Morrison, Nicoletta Corrocher, Luca Rossi, Marco Pompili and three anonymous referees. The authors are particularly grateful to Antonio Lopolito for his help with the social network analysis.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2017.1301662.

Notes

1. The database was compiled by extracting project information from the CORDIS online repository. All FP7 projects financed under Cooperation and Ideas programmes have been categorized and included in the database. Variables such as the real geographical location of participants (NUTS-2) and the distribution of resources among partners have been added.

2. This is relevant for large research-performing organizations such as Fraunhofer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) etc.

3. The index aims at determining whether region i is involved, at least to some extent, in the highest possible number of research areas. The degree of specialization in each of the five KRAs is instead measured by the HHID and SDI indexes. Therefore, if Île-de-France has one project in KRA 1 and two in KRA 5, it will have a value of 2 (out of five).

4. The distance was calculated using data on latitude and longitude of the central city of each region involved in the FP7 projects.

5. Durbin–Wu–Hausman chi-squared test: 0.198, Chi-sq(1), p-value = 0.656, where H0: Regressor is exogenous.

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