Ethanol content in traditionally fermented ayurvedic formulations: Compromised Good Manufacturing Practice regulations – compromised health

ABSTRACT

Background: A large part of the population of India prefers the traditional medicine (ayurvedic formulations) for primary health care. However, the effective quality control of herbal medicine is still a big challenge. Numerous reports indicate noncompliance with Compromised Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines by the manufacturers which may lead to adverse drug reactions or toxic effects. Asava and arishta are the classical herbal dosage forms wherein fermentation occurs during production leading to the generation of ethanol. The presence of ethanol in these preparations may lead to their misuse. The self-generated ethanol is responsible for extraction of active constituents and acts as a self-preservative. As the procedure for preparation for asava and arishta is same, the ethanol content is also expected to be the same irrespective of the manufacturer. Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess and compare the ethanol content of some traditionally fermented ayurvedic formulations available in the market. Method: In this study, 20 formulations from 3 different manufacturers available as over-the-counter products were obtained and their ethanol contents were determined using gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector. Results: Statistically significant differences were noted in the ethanol content of various ayurvedic formulations. A simple, less time-consuming, economic, and validated gas chromatographic method for estimation of ethanol in fermented ayurvedic formulations was also developed successfully in present study. Conclusion: The data generated during study reflected poor compliance of GMP guidelines by the manufacturers and hence the quality is being grossly compromised posing a safety hazard.

KEYWORDS:

• Ayurvedic formulations
• asava and arishta
• ethanol content

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

The present work is a part from dissertation work of Harpreet Grover (Registration No. 2015-UPM/F-001), Master of Science in Clinical Research at University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, India. The authors are highly thankful to Dr. RK Rana (Senior Statistical Officer), Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Science, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India for statistical analysis of data.