Poly-use of cannabis and other substances among juvenile-justice involved youth: variations in psychological and substance-related problems by typology

ABSTRACT

Background: Adolescent cannabis use is associated with increased risk for psychological problems, with evidence for more severe problems among youth who use cannabis in combination with other substances (i.e., polysubstance use). Juvenile offenders engage in both cannabis use and polysubstance use at higher rates than the general adolescent population. Yet, limited research has examined the relationship between cannabis poly-use (e.g., cannabis and alcohol use) and functional or psychological problems among juvenile offenders.

Objectives: The current study addresses this gap by examining the association of polysubstance use of cannabis compared to cannabis only use with cognitive functioning, psychological distress, and substance-related problems among juvenile detainees.

Methods: Participants were 238 detained youth ages 12–18 (80.4 % male, 77.3% non-White) who completed assessments of substance use, intellectual functioning, psychological symptoms, and substance-related problems. Youth were also assessed by a clinical psychologist for substance use disorder.

Results: Four cannabis-use typologies were identified; cannabis and alcohol use was the largest class, followed by cannabis only use, cannabis, alcohol and other drug use, then cannabis and other drug use. Polysubstance use was associated with lower scores on measures of intellectual functioning, more externalizing and internalizing symptomology, and more substance-related problems relative to cannabis only use. However, the relationship between polysubstance use and problems varied by typology.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that justice-involved youth engaged in polysubstance use may be at greater need for concurrent academic, affective, and behavioral support in their rehabilitation and transition back to the community.

KEYWORDS:

• Cannabis
• polysubstance use
• juvenile justice
• adolescent
• substance use
• youth

Disclosure statement

The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported in part by NIH/NIDA award F31DA044728 to Devin Banks, NIH/NIAAA award F31AA024682 to Alexandra Hershberger, NIH/NIDA awards K01DA043654, R25DA035163, and P30DA027827 to Tamika Zapolski, and NIH/AHRQ award R01HS024296 to Matthew Aalsma. The funding agencies had no role in the study design, analysis of data, writing of the report, or decision to submit the article for publication.