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Research Article

Multi-metallic electrocatalysts as emerging class of materials: opportunities and challenges in the synthesis, characterization, and applications

Muhammad Israra Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3854-9683View further author information
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Muhammad Humayunf Energy, Water, and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-3935View further author information
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Munzir H. Sulimanc Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-0358-6025View further author information
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Maryam Abdinejadd Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, the Delft University of Technology, Delft, The NetherlandsORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9279-3815View further author information
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Tahir Rasheede Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9265-6303View further author information
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Aasif Helalc Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2013-5327View further author information
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Iltaf Khanc Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-697XView further author information
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Mohamed Bououdinaf Energy, Water, and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8770-7129View further author information
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Chundong Wangb School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China;f Energy, Water, and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6728-0519View further author information
ORCID Icon &
Muhammad Usmanc Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management (IRC-HTCM), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-3696View further author information
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Received 10 Jun 2023, Accepted 20 Apr 2024, Published online: 28 May 2024
 
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ABSTRACT

Nowadays, extensive efforts have been devoted to the fabrication and design of metalbased catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability. Theoretical and experimental investigations have empowered the construction of a variety of techniques to tune the catalytic efficiency of catalysts by monitoring their size, morphology, composition, and crystal structure. Multimetal catalysts (MMCs) provide a revolutionary synergistic effect between metals, which is a promising strategy to tune and enhance the catalysts’ productivity and product selectivity. The purpose of this article is to familiarize readers with the most uptodate information regarding the synthesis and classification of MMCs. The key roles of MMCs electrocatalysts in a variety of applications such as CO2 conversion via electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR), H2 evolution reaction (HER), O2 evolution reaction (OER), O2 reduction reaction (ORR), N2 reduction reaction (NRR), methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR), and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) are summarized. This review also addressed the challenges and prospects for multimetallic catalyst design, characterization, and applications. This review article will provide a clear roadmap for the research and progress of multimetallic catalysts for electrocatalytic applications.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Acknowledgments

The author would like to acknowledge the support provided by the Saudi Aramco ChairProgram (ORCP2390), KFUPM Consortium for Sustainable Future, and Prince Sultan University for a Sustainable Future.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Saudi Aramco [ORCP2390].

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