Luteolin Induces Apoptosis in BE Colorectal Cancer Cells by Downregulating Calpain, UHRF1, and DNMT1 Expressions

Abstract

In this study, we have investigated the effects of luteolin on colorectal cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that luteolin is able to induce cytotoxicity and cell cycle perturbation in a dose-dependent manner. By triggering poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, this molecule is able to induce the apoptosis of BE colorectal cancer cells. We have also studied the potential involvement of calpains in the proapoptotic effects of luteolin. Our data show that luteolin exhibits moderate inhibitory activity against calpain. Thus, treatment of these cells with both luteolin and the calpain inhibitor MDL 28170 causes an increase in the luteolin-induced apoptosis as proved by the enhancement of 89- and 26-kDa PARP fragments. This effect is concomitant with the downregulation of the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression and the epigenetic integrator ubiquitin-like containing PHD Finger 1 (UHRF1). As a result, luteolin induces an upregulation of a tumor suppressor gene: p16^INK4A. This study further proposes that calpain might be involved in the epigenetic code inheritance by regulating the epigenetic integrator UHRF1. We conclude from these results that targeting calpain, UHRF1, and DNMT1 using luteolin could be an interesting way to prevent and/or treat colorectal cancers.