Enhancement of microstructure and mechanical properties of similar and dissimilar aluminium alloy by friction stir welding/processing using nanoparticles: a review

Abstract

To decrease impacts on the environment and maintain competitiveness in the market, various industries (for example, fabrication and construction) are concentrating on minimizing material and energy usage. Aluminium (Al) and its alloys are contending possibilities for various complex applications to meet these industrial needs since they have improved qualities like good weight-to-strength ratios. Fusion welding causes the joints to deteriorate while joining Al. Friction stir welding (FSW) or friction Stir Processing (FSP) creates joints below melting point temperatures, eliminating the drawbacks of excessive heat input but necessitating an increase in the joint’s final characteristics. Nanoparticle reinforcement is an emerging field that provides great methods to create composite joints with improved joint characteristics. The surface attributes of composite joints can be improved, including hardness, strength, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. This paper critically reviews the work carried out in the field of FSW/FSP welding AA5083 and AA6082 with carbide and oxide as reinforced nanoparticles. Further trends in nanoparticle reinforcement, oxide and carbide effect on welding parameters, microstructural formation, and mechanical properties are being analyzed. Analysis shows that the diffusion of the reinforcing nanoparticles, which affects the joint characteristics, is significantly influenced by FSW/FSP parameters. Additionally, the dispersed nanoparticles enhance joint characteristics and help refine grains. The kind, quantity, & size of reinforced nanoparticles and the welding conditions greatly influence the joint characteristics and microstructures in similar and different Al welds. Finally, prospects for a reinforced FSW are examined, followed by a look ahead and concluding notes.

Keywords:

• Friction stir processing (FSP)
• AA5083
• AA6082
• nanoparticle reinforcement
• SiC
• TiC
• friction stir welding (FSW)

Disclosure statement

No potential conflicts of interest were reported by the authors.