Comparative effects of chloride and sulfate salinities on two contrasting rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) at the seedling stage

Abstract

In field conditions, soil salinity may be due to an excess of different soluble salts. In order to compare the impact of chloride and sulfate salinities on rice, two contrasted cultivars (IKP: salt-sensitive and Pokkali: salt-resistant) were exposed to iso-strength Na⁺ nutrient solutions (NaCl 50 mM or Na₂SO₄ 25 mM; EC: 5.31 dS m⁻¹) for 2 weeks under controlled environmental conditions. It was found that NaCl was more toxic than Na₂SO₄, especially for the salt-sensitive IKP. Sodium and proline accumulation were higher while shoot osmotic potential was lower in NaCl-treated plants than in those exposed to Na₂SO₄. Chloride-treated plants exhibited a higher shoot malondialdehyde concentration, suggesting a higher level of lipid peroxidation while Na₂SO₄-treated plants presented a slightly higher total antioxidant activity. Pokkali was more tolerant than IKP to both types of toxicities although it accumulated similar concentration of toxic ions. Pokkali was able to reduce the root osmotic potential and to quickly recycle oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione, which may help the plant to more efficiently control its oxidative status in stress conditions. It is concluded that different salts may have distinct impacts on the plant physiology and that differences may vary according to the considered cultivar.

Keywords:

• chloride
• ion-specific toxicity
• Oryza sativa
• osmotic adjustment
• salinity
• sulfate

Acknowledgments

The authors are very grateful to the Catholic University of Louvain (Conseil de l’Action Internationale) for the doctoral grant of W. Irakoze, to A. Iserentant for her precious help in mineral analysis and to the Burundian authorities for efficient administrative support.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.