Assessment of oxidative DNA damage, apoptosis and histopathological alterations on zebrafish exposed with green silver nanoparticle

ABSTRACT

The effect of green synthesis approaches in NP synthesis and their possible toxicity in aquatic environments has been very limitedly studied. In this study, VA-Ag / AC NPs were synthesised using Viscum album plant as a reducing agent and Chenopodium album (CA) plant as an active carbon source. TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) and XRD (X-ray crystallography) analysis of the synthesised VA-Ag / AC NPs were performed to detect their morphological and chemical properties. The inducing of oxidative stress and the effectiveness of VA-Ag/AC NPs in neurotoxic pathways and teratogenic changes in aquatic organisms have been investigated. In addition, a modelling was created to elucidate the toxicity mechanism. The results revealed that green synthesised VA-Ag/AC NPs nanoparticles are approximately 1600 times less toxic than nanoparticles synthesised by different methods. It had been determined that only high doses of VA-Ag/AC NPs nanoparticles cause neurological, histopathological and morphological changes. The findings in this study for VA-Ag/AC NPs, which are the evidence of the complexity of their mode of action at the cellular level, are a first in the aquatic ecosystem and require different findings regarding the stability and safety of such synthesis products.

KEYWORDS:

• Zebra fish
• bax
• degeneration
• necrosis
• 8-OHdG
• nanoparticle

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Mine Kokturk

Dr. Mine Köktürk received her PhD degree at Atatürk University in 2018 with thesis study on alcohol toxicity and mechanism in zebrafish embryos/larvae. Then, in 2018, Dr. Köktürk started to work as an assistant professor at Igdir University. Dr. Köktürk's research focuses on aquatic toxicology, developmental biology and microplastic pollutions.

Serkan Yıldırım

Assoc. Dr. Serkan Yıldırım a faculty member at Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. His work areas; histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, neuroscience, nerves systems, hepatology, urology, cardiovasculer system and genital organs pathology.

Muhammed Atamanalp

Prof. Muhammed Atamanalp is a Professor of aquatic toxicology at Atatürk University, Fisheries Faculty, Department of aquaculture, Erzurum, TURKİYE. His research area of specialisation is Water Pollution and Aquatic Toxicology.

Mehmet Harbi Calimli

Dr. Mehmet Harbi Calimli received his Ph.D. at Yuzuncu Yil University in the 2015 Department of Chemistry. His research area is chemical Kinetics, nanoparticle synthesis, material characterization, and application of nanoparticles in various areas. Mehmet Harbi Calimli conducted his postdoctoral studies at Abo Academi in 2021 under the direction of Prof. Dmitry Murzin for 6 months.

Mehmet Salih Nas

Dr. Mehmet Salih Nas graduated from Black Sea Technical University, Faculty of Science in 2008. Mehmet Salih Nas received his Ph.D. in the Department of Chemistry at Yüzüncü Yıl University in 2016. He is a Dr of at Iğdır University. Dr. Nas research area is Chemical kinetics, adsorpsiyon, nanoparticle synthesis, and application of nanoparticles in various areas.

Ismail Bolat

Dr. Ismail Bolat a faculty member at Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. His work areas; histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, neuroscience, nerves systems, hepatology, urology, cardiovasculer system and genital organs pathology.

Gunes Ozhan

Dr. Gunes Ozhan major research interests include understanding the regulatory mechanisms of Wnt signaling, the biology of tissue regeneration using the zebrafish model and generating zebrafish models of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Currently she is an associate professor at Dokuz Eylul University and a principal investigator at Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center.

Gonca Alak

Prof. Gonca Alak is a Professor of at Atatürk University, Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Erzurum, TURKİYE. Her research area of specialisation is Seafood Processing Technology and Aquatic Toxicology.