The validity, reliability, and responsiveness of a new biopscyhosocial questionnaire for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

Objective

In recent years, the importance of holistic care in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been emphasized, and therefore a measurement tool that evaluates biopsychosocial impact is needed. This study was conducted to determine the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) in individuals with SLE.

Methods

Lupus Quality of Life (LupusQoL), Short Form-36 (SF-36), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used for the validity. For reliability, evaluations were repeated at 1 -week intervals and for responsiveness, the same scales were re-administered at 3-month intervals to 30 patients.

Results

BETY-BQ showed moderate to high correlations with LupusQoL subparameters (rho = −0.522 to −0.718, p < 0.001), moderate to very high correlations with SF-36 subparameters (r = −0.826 to rho = 0.594, p < 0.001), high correlations with HAQ and HADS-D (rho = 0.735, p < 0.001; rho = 0.622, p < 0.001, respectively) and a moderate correlation with HADS-A (rho = 0.571, p < 0.001). In the test-retest method the correlation between the responses was very high (r = 0.989, p < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient (r = 0.944, p < 0.001) and Cronbach’s alpha value were found to be excellent (0.952). BETY-BQ showed moderate correlations with LupusQoL subparameters (the body image r = −0.443, p = 0.014; planning rho = −0.529, p = 0.003; fatigue r = −0.484, p = 0.007; intimate relationships rho = −0.421, p = 0.02), SF-36 social function subparameter (rho = −0.427, p = 0.019) and anxiety and depression subparameter of HADS (rho = 0.418, p = 0.021; r = 0.507, p = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion

BETY-BQ which was found as a valid, reliable, and responsive scale in individuals with SLE, was presented to healthcare professionals for use in clinical and research studies as a scale that can be preferred in the evaluation of biopsychosocial status of individuals with SLE.

Keywords:

• Biopsychosocial
• holistic health
• quality of life
• patient-reported outcomes
• rheumatic diseases

Transparency

Declaration of financial/other relationships

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement withany organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership oroptions, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or roy-alties. Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial orother relationships to disclose

Author contributions

Study conception and design M.D. and E.U. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by M.D., G.K.Y., H.A., S.O., Ş.A.B., S.K., and E.U. The first draft of the manuscript was written by M.D., S.O., and E.U. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Acknowledgements

No support was taken for grants, equipment, drugs, or other support that facilitated the conduct of the work described in the article or the writing of the article itself.

Data availability statement

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

Additional information

Funding

No funding was received