Energy Analysis of Metal QCA Circuits Behavior Based on Particle-Wave Duality

Abstract

Quantum cellular automata (QCA) is the emerging technology for designing arithmetic and logic circuits at nanoscale. Because of their tremendous cell density, the analysis of the energy behavior of QCA circuits is of great importance. The present study presents a detailed review of how energy is dissipated in QCA cells. For that, two formalisms of the energy behavior of QCA circuits are examined and used to obtain the energy model of the main building blocks in the QCA paradigm. In the first formalism, using the previously developed coherence vector formalism, we propose a complete model for the energy dynamics of the majority voter and wire straight gates. In the second formalism, metal QCA circuits’ energy behavior based on the particle-wave duality of the electrons is proposed. The energy model of the majority voter and wire straight gates in this formalism is compared to that of the first formalism.

KEYWORDS:

• Coherence vector formalism
• Energy behavior
• Energy dissipation
• Metal QCA
• Particle-wave duality formalism

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Masoumeh Shirichian

Masoumeh Shirichian received the BE degree from Islamic Azad University–Karaj Branch, Alborz, Iran, in 2009, and an MS degree from Islamic Azad University–Central Tehran Branch (IAUCTB), Tehran, Iran, in 2014, both in electrical and electronic engineering. She is currently pursuing a PhD degree in electrical and electronic engineering in Islamic Azad University–Central Tehran Branch (IAUCTB). She is also a researcher in the Iran Telecommunication Research Centre (ITRC). Her current research interests include quantum-dot cellular automata, quantum communication, quantum network, quantum internet, and optical transmission systems. Email: [email protected]

Reza Akbari-Hasanjani

Reza Akbari-Hasanjani received BSc and MSc degree in electrical engineering from Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, in 2012 and 2015 and the PhD degree in electrical engineering from Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran in 2022. His research interests are nanocomputing, reversible gates, multiple-value logic and QCA. Email: [email protected]

Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan

Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan received the BS and MS degrees in electrical engineering from the Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran, in 1991 and 1994, respectively, and the PhD degree in electrical engineering from the Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, in 2010. Now he is associate professor of the Department of Electronics in Central Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. His current research interests include digital design, QCA and nanocomputing.