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Articles

Motherhood in leisure time: A longitudinal photographic analysis

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Pages 199-219 | Published online: 18 Apr 2023
 

Abstract

Family leisure can strengthen the bonds between family members and contribute to children’s health and learning. Family leisure also involves work from parents. It is often seen as a duty by parents, incorporating management of the experience and active involvement with their children. Traditional definitions of mothering, as care-givers, leave them with very little opportunity for their own leisure. This longitudinal study examines how motherhood has changed over time through the lens of family leisure. Using family leisure photographs, the paper examines changing ideologies of motherhood as they relate to broader societal changes in Otago, New Zealand. Over 100 years of photographs were analysed using visual qualitative thematic analysis. The findings show that, despite many social changes related to gender stereotypes and the social responsibility of parents, mothers are still the main carers of children. This is despite fathers becoming more involved with their children through leisure in recent decades. 

Le loisir familial a un but précis et peut renforcer les liens entre les membres de la famille. La pratique du loisir en famille peut également contribuer à la santé des enfants et leur donner l’occasion d’apprendre de nouvelles valeurs. Cependant, si le loisir en famille peut être une activité amusante et saine, il implique un travail et des efforts de la part des parents. Ce temps familial est souvent considéré comme un devoir et une responsabilité par les parents, intégrant la gestion de l’expérience et une participation active avec leurs enfants. La définition traditionnelle du maternage, avec ses exigences en matière de psychologie et de bien-être de l’enfant, laisse aux mères très peu de possibilités d’avoir leur propre temps libre. Cette étude longitudinale examine comment la maternité a évolué au fil du temps à travers le prisme de loisir familial. À l’aide de photographies de loisir familial, cet article examine l’évolution des idéologies de la maternité en relation avec des changements sociétaux plus larges à Otago, en Nouvelle-Zélande. Plus de 100 ans de photographies de loisirs familiaux (une combinaison d’albums d’archives de photographies familiales et d’albums plus récents obtenus à titre privé par le biais de la publicité et de l’échantillonnage en boule de neige) ont été analysés en utilisant une analyse thématique qualitative visuelle. Les résultats montrent qu’en dépit de nombreux changements sociaux liés aux stéréotypes de genre et à la responsabilité sociale des parents, les mères restent la principale responsable des enfants. Si, au cours des dernières décennies, les pères ont essayé de s’impliquer davantage auprès de leurs enfants par le biais des loisirs, les mères continuent de porter le fardeau d’être la principale responsable des enfants.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1. “The Kiwi bloke is: passionate about rugby and is a suspected gumboot-wearer (when not wearing footy boots). He drinks large quantities of beer and can fix anything with a roll of number eight fencing wire. He is a good keen man who looks out for his mates, a rough diamond who is at his best when faced with physical adversity or war, but who does not easily display his emotions” (Law et al., Citation1999, p. 14).

2. The ‘six o’clock swill’ was traditionally a part of the New Zealand way of life. In the short period between the end of the working day and the closing time of pubs, men crowded together to drink as much beer as they could. A desire for change began to emerge in the 1960s. The growing restaurant and tourism industries questioned laws that made it difficult to sell alcohol with meals. When the government held a national referendum in September 1967, nearly 64% of voters supported a move to 10 pm closing for pubs and bars (NZ History, 2017).

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