Bioconjugation of gold nanoparticles with aminoguanidine as a potential inhibitor of non-enzymatic glycation reaction

Abstract

The unavoidable glycation reaction is the major cause of diabetes and metabolic disorders. The glycation reaction is enhanced in case when the glycating agent is reactive carbonyl species (RCS) like, methylglyoxal (MG). The impact of RCS may result into the diabetes mellitus and its secondary complications along-with its role in cancers too. This reaction can be discontinued by using natural product inhibitors or by chemically synthesized drugs, like aminoguanidine (AG). However, AG is reported to be nephrotoxic (toxic to kidneys) at a concentration of 10 mM or more and has therefore serious health concerns. In the present study, bioconjugation of AG was done with the gold nanoparticles (Gnps) to mitigate its toxic effect and upsurge the efficacy of AG on RCS induced glycation. The AG-Gnps formed waas characterized by UV-Vis. spectroscopy and it reveals a peak at 529 nm corresponding to AG-gold nanoparticles. The particle size of the AG-Gnp was found to be 12 nm in TEM while in DLS it was found to be 54.07 nm. The fluorescence studies in combination with GK-peptide and δ-Glu assay support the inhibition of AGEs by AG-Gnps. Based on the idea of gold nano-particle synthesis, it is anticipated, the toxicity of numerous drugs used at high doses can be diminished with additional efficiency.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Keywords:

• Glycation
• RCS
• aminoguanidine
• gold nanoparticles
• aminoguanidine-gold nanoparticles

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article.

Additional information

Funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at the KSU for funding this work through research group project number RGP-215. “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” Scientific Project of Jilin Province Education Department project number is JJKH20190085KJ.