Cell apoptosis induced by ciprofloxacin based Cu(II) complexes: cytotoxicity, SOD mimic and antibacterial studies

Abstract

The current cancer research focuses on the design and synthesis of chemical compounds that can modulate cell apoptosis or programmed cell death. So we synthesized and characterized ciprofloxacin based copper(II) complexes and studied their anticancer activity against HCT 116 cancer cells by MTT assay. We further investigated the influence of compound-2 (better IC₅₀ value than cisplatin) on cancer cells to know the exact mechanism of anticancer activity. The distinct morphological change of cells due to compound-2 was observed in bright field microscopy. The trypan blue assay clearly demonstrated inhibition of cell viability. The clonogenic ability inhibition assay showed a low percentage of the plating efficiency of HCT 116 cells. The mechanism of cell death, either apoptotic or necrotic was distinguished by annexin V-FITC/PI (propidium iodide) staining assay and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) release assay. The positive annexinV/PI cells in presence of compound-2 and absence of LDH in the LDH release assay confirmed the cell apoptotic mechanism of cell death. We also checked in vitro antibacterial activity of compounds against Gram^(−ve) and Gram^(+ve) bacteria in terms of MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and the data were in good agreement with the standard drug data. SOD mimic activity of synthesized Cu(II) complexes was also studied in terms of IC₅₀ value. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay was also performed to evaluate the cytotoxic properties of the Cu(II) complexes.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Keywords:

• Cell apoptosis
• bright field microscopy
• superoxide dismutase
• minimum inhibitory concentration
• lactate dehydogenase

Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the authorities of C. U. Shah University, Wadhwancity; Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar; and Head, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University for giving permission and providing necessary facilities.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).