Stearyl palmitate a multi-target inhibitor against breast cancer: in-silico, in-vitro & in-vivo approach

Abstract

Multi-target inhibitors are currently trending in the pharmaceutical research, as they possess increased efficacy and reduced toxicity. In this study multi-target inhibitors for breast cancer are explored from a curated list of natural products, i.e. 4,670 phytochemicals belonging to 360 medicinal plants. In-silico screening of phytochemicals using SeeSAR and AutoDock Vina resulted in identification of Stearyl Palmitate as a potential drug molecule that inhibits three drug targets, i.e. HER-2, MEK-1 and PARP-1 proteins. Molecular Dynamics Simulation for 100 ns each for these three protein-ligand complexes using Desmond, Maestro platform also confirmed the prediction of multi-target inhibition by Stearyl Palmitate. Further in-vitro MTT assay demonstrated that Stearyl Palmitate has a significant IC₅₀ value of 40 µM against MCF-7 cells and >1000 µM against L929 cells. This confirmed that Stearyl Palmitate is having selective cytotoxicity towards breast cancer cells in comparison to non-cancerous cells. Fluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis confirmed that, Stearyl Palmitate is inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells at IC₅₀ concentration. Finally, in-vivo efficacy and toxicity studies were performed using zebrafishes (Danio rerio). It was observed that the fishes treated with IC₅₀ concentration of Stearyl Palmitate demonstrated 2x folds reduction in tumour size, while double dose resulted in 4x folds reduction in tumour size. Stearyl Palmitate did not demonstrate any toxicity or side effects in the zebrafishes. It is concluded that, Stearyl Palmitate, a phytochemical reported to be present in Althea officinalis is a potential anti-breast cancer agent, with ability to inhibit multiple targets such as HER-2, MEK-1 and PARP-2 proteins.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Keywords:

• Stearyl Palmitate
• breast cancer
• multi-target inhibitor
• Desmond
• SeeSAR
• MTT assay

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The authors would like to thank Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences and St Joseph’s University, Bengaluru for supporting this research work.