In silico approaches for predicting natural compounds with therapeutic potential and vaccine candidates against Streptococcus equi

Abstract

Equine strangles is a prevalent disease that affects the upper respiratory in horses and is caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus equi. In addition to strangles, other clinical conditions are caused by the two S. equi subspecies, equi and zooepidemicus, which present relevant zoonotic potential. Treatment of infections caused by S. equi has become challenging due to the worldwide spreading of infected horses and the unavailability of effective therapeutics and vaccines. Penicillin treatment is often recommended, but multidrug resistance issues arised. We explored the whole genome sequence of 18 S. equi isolates to identify candidate proteins to be targeted by natural drug-like compounds or explored as immunogens. We considered only proteins shared among the sequenced strains of subspecies equi and zooepidemicus, absent in the equine host and predicted to be essential and involved in virulence. Of these, 4 proteins with cytoplasmic subcellular location were selected for molecular docking with a library of 5008 compounds, while 6 proteins were proposed as prominent immunogens against S. equi due to their probabilities of behaving as adhesins. The molecular docking analyses revealed the best ten ligands for each of the 4 drug target candidates, and they were ranked according to their binding affinities and the number of hydrogen bonds for complex stability. Finally, the natural 5-ring compound C₂₅H₂₀F₃N₅O₃ excelled in molecular dynamics simulations for the increased stability in the interaction with UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase (MurB). This research paves the way to developing new therapeutics to minimize the impacts caused by S. equi infections.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Keywords:

• Strangles
• reverse vaccinology
• subtractive genomics
• vaccine
• equine

Acknowledgements

We thank the Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology (LABIMUNO) and the Network of Omic Sciences (RECOM) for their support.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAP ES) - Finance Code 001.