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Original Articles

Munificence contingent small business growth model (special emphasis to African SMEs’ context)

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Pages 251-269 | Received 29 Nov 2016, Accepted 04 May 2017, Published online: 29 May 2017
 

Abstract

Despite the growth in number and kind of research emphasizing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), little is known about the relationship between drivers and modes of SMEs’ growth. To address this gap, the paper systematically analyzes the relationship between growth drivers and strategies based on the dynamic resource-based view and proposes munificence contingent growth model. The authors argue that the selection of growth strategy should base on firm's resource and environmental munificence settings. Firms can select either organic or inorganic growth strategies based on the abundance or scarcity of certain resources and the accommodative capacity of the economic environment. When the economic environment comes with attractive opportunities SMEs tend to cooperate with other firms either through collaborative framework or diversification strategies. Conversely, when they are faced with very competitive market conditions and the resource availability is limited bootstrapping strategies found to be helpful to maintain competitiveness and thrive. Subsequently, as the resource muscle of the firm develops through bootstrapping strategies SMEs are expected to employ expansion strategies.

Malgré l'augmentation des recherches – en nombre et en types d'études – sur les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME), les connaissances sont limitées sur le rapport entre les déterminants et les mécanismes de la croissance des PME. Afin de combler ces lacunes, cet article établit une analyse systématique du rapport entre les déterminants de la croissance et les stratégies d'approche dynamique fondée sur les ressources, et propose un modèle de contingence pour la croissance, basé sur la munificence. Les auteurs soutiennent que le choix de la stratégie de croissance doit se fonder sur les ressources de la firme et les contextes de munificence environnementale. Les entreprises peuvent choisir des stratégies de croissance, biologiques ou non biologiques, en se basant sur l'abondance ou la rareté de certaines ressources et la capacité accommodante de l'environnement économique. Lorsque l'environnement économique est accompagné d'opportunités avantageuses, les PME ont tendance à coopérer avec d'autres entreprises, soit dans le cadre d'une collaboration, soit à travers des stratégies de diversification. Inversement, lorsqu'elles sont confrontées à des conditions de marché très concurrentielles et à une disponibilité limitée de ressources, des stratégies de rééchantillonage - « bootstrap » - peuvent les aider à préserver la compétitivité et à prospérer. En définitive, alors que la force des ressources de l'entreprise se développe grâce à des stratégies de « bootstrap », il est attendu des PME qu'elles aient recours à des stratégies d'expansion.

Acknowledgements

The first author acknowledges the support of the Mandela Rhodes Foundation and would like to thank Brightman Gebremichael and Mutugi Mutegi for editing the work. The helpful comments of the anonymous reviewers and the editor are gratefully acknowledged.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Binyam Zewde Alemayehu

Binyam Zewde Alemayehu is a former lecturer of management at Arba Minch University, Ethiopia. He holds MBA and currently studying for his MPhil in entrepreneurship at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. His research interests include entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, entrepreneurship and economic development, small business growth, leadership, and human resource management.

Jurie Van Vuuren

Jurie Van Vuuren is a professor of entrepreneurship in the faculty of economic and management sciences at the University of Pretoria. His research area includes Entrepreneurship behavior and characteristics, entrepreneurial process, corporate entrepreneurship, corporate venturing, entrepreneurship training and development, entrepreneurial culture in South Africa, and entrepreneurship development programmes.

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