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Articles

Social and economic ties in the freelance and sharing economies

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Pages 77-96 | Received 14 Apr 2017, Accepted 04 Oct 2017, Published online: 02 Nov 2017
 

Abstract

New ways of organizing businesses, such as the freelance and sharing economies, may bring entirely new meaning to those fundamental ideas that are believed to underpin business exchanges. Through the lens of social and economic ties, this paper sets to address how these new ways of organizing business change the view on business exchanges. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the role of social ties in the freelance and sharing economies. The paper adopts a multiple case study approach to illustrate the structural, cognitive, and relational dimensions of social and economic ties in the freelance and sharing economies. Findings point at how networks are increasingly emphasized, while at the same time, the relational dimension of social ties is altered for transactional platforms. There is also the disconnection between the economic ties and the social ties as the payment and delivery solutions become more and more complex. Un-socialization, a new meaning of trust, and a second platform-driven cycle of entrepreneurship indicate new ideas to current understandings of business exchanges and entrepreneurship.

De nouveaux modèles d'organisation des entreprises, tels que l’économie du freelance et celle du partage, peuvent donner un sens entièrement nouveau à ces idées fondamentales qui sont considérées comme étayant les échanges commerciaux. À travers le prisme des liens sociaux et économiques, cet article tente d'examiner comment ces nouvelles méthodes d'organisation des entreprises changent les points de vue sur les échanges commerciaux. L'article se donne pour objectif de discuter le rôle des liens sociaux dans les économies du freelance et du partage. Il adopte une approche d’étude de cas multiples pour illustrer les dimensions structurelles, cognitives et relationnelles des liens sociaux et économiques dans les économies du freelance et du partage. Les résultats indiquent combien les réseaux sont de plus en plus mis en avant, alors qu'en même temps, la dimension relationnelle des liens sociaux est altérée pour des plateformes transactionnelles. Il existe également une déconnexion entre les liens économiques et les liens sociaux, alors que la solution de la livraison et du paiement devient de plus en plus complexe. La non-socialisation, une nouvelle signification de la confiance, et un second cycle d'entrepreneuriat déterminé par les plateformes font apparaître de nouvelles idées pour les compréhensions actuelles des échanges commerciaux et de l'entrepreneuriat.

Acknowledgment

The author would like to thank the Special Issue Editors and anonymous reviewers through providing very valuable comments during the review process of this paper.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Christina Öberg

Christina Öberg is a professor/chair of marketing at Örebro University, Sweden, and associated with The Ratio Institute, Sweden, Leeds University and University of Exeter. Her research interests are mergers and acquisitions, brand identities, the sharing economy, customer relationships, and innovation management/entrepreneurship.

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