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Articles

What women want (and need) from coaching relationships during business incubation

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Pages 548-577 | Received 30 Jun 2020, Accepted 14 Sep 2021, Published online: 08 Oct 2021
 

Abstract

This qualitative study explores what dimensions of entrepreneurial coaching matter to women during business incubation and why. This issue is important because Canada is a world leader in the rate of entrepreneurial activity and business incubation support, yet women are underrepresented and their coaching needs are not well understood. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit 15 participants (6 women, 5 men, 4 coaches) from four Canadian incubators. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews. NVivo software facilitated coding and gender comparisons. Analysis followed the Gioia methodology for grounded theorizing which revealed 52second-order concepts that grouped into three primary coaching dimensions (venture support, emotional support, gender inclusivity). Men and women value these dimensions differently. The emergent theoretical model suggests that for women entrepreneurs, business expertise (a dimension of venture support), emotional support, and gender inclusivity influence the development of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), which, in turn, contributes to entrepreneurial outcomes (venture and personal development) during business incubation. The coach’s personal investment and the entrepreneur’s coachability influences these relationships. The findings have implications for future research exploring incubation as a gendered phenomenon, and for incubator managers and policy makers concerned with designing inclusive incubation programs and reducing the gender gap in Canadian entrepreneurship.

Résumé

Cette étude qualitative examine quelles dimensions du coaching entrepreneurial importent aux femmes pendant l’incubation d’une entreprise et pourquoi. Cette question est importante car le Canada est un leader mondial en matière de taux d’activité entrepreneuriale et de soutien à l’incubation d’entreprises. Pourtant, les femmes sont sous-représentées et leurs besoins en accompagnement ne sont pas bien compris. L’échantillonnage raisonné a été utilisé pour recruter 15 participants (6 femmes, 5 hommes, 4 coaches) dans quatre incubateurs canadiens. Les données ont été recueillies au moyen d’entretiens semi-structurés. Le logiciel Nvivo a facilité le codage et les comparaisons entre les genres. L’analyse a suivi la méthodologie Gioia de la théorisation ancrée qui a révélé 52 concepts de second ordre regroupés en trois dimensions primaires du coaching (soutien à l’entreprise, soutien émotionnel, intégration du genre). Les hommes et les femmes accordent une valeur différente à ces dimensions. Le modèle théorique émergent suggère que, pour les femmes entrepreneurs, l’expertise commerciale (une dimension du soutien à l’entreprise), le soutien émotionnel et le soutien à l’intégration du genre influencent le développement de l’auto-efficacité entrepreneuriale (AEE) qui, à son tour, contribue aux résultats entrepreneuriaux (développement de l’entreprise et développement personnel) pendant l’incubation de l’entreprise. L’investissement personnel du coach et la capacité de l’entrepreneur à être coaché influencent ces relations. Les résultats ont des implications pour les recherches futures qui exploreront l’incubation comme un phénomène sexué, ainsi que pour les gestionnaires d’incubateurs et les décideurs soucieux de concevoir des programmes d’incubation et de réduire l’écart entre les genres dans l’entrepreneuriat canadien.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1 It is important to acknowledge that coaching is not the only mechanism for developing ESE: networking events and programming also have a role to play. However, this study focused specifically on coaching relationships.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Mariah M. Maxheimer

Mariah Maxheimer is a Business Transformation Consultant at IBM in Toronto, Canada. Her current research interests are business incubation, SMEs, social entrepreneurship, and gender studies.

Charlene L. Nicholls-Nixon

Dr. Charlene Nicholls-Nixon is Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship and Strategy and Director of the Entrepreneurship Research Institute at Ryerson University in Toronto, Canada. Her current research interests include opportunity development, business incubation and acceleration, entrepreneurial ecosystems, and entrepreneurial learning.

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