The relation between goal adjustment, goal disturbance, and mental well-being among persons with multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the role of goal adjustment, i.e. disengaging from blocked goals and reengaging into alternative goals, in mental well-being and goal disturbance in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Design: A cross-sectional design was used with self-report data from questionnaires and Personal Project Analysis (PPA).

Main outcome measures: Dependent variables were mental well-being, indicated by depression/anxiety (HADS; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and mental functioning (SF-36; Short Form Health Survey), and goal disturbance, indicated by goal manageability and goal interference (PPA). Independent variables were patient-reported physical impairment (SF-36) and goal disengagement and reengagement (GAS; Goal Adjustment Scale).

Results: Higher goal reengagement was associated with better mental well-being, but unrelated to goal disturbance. Goal disengagement only showed a negative association with anxiety. High disengagement was associated with lower goal interference but only for those also scoring high on reengagement. Goal adjustment did not buffer the effects of physical impairment on mental well-being and goal disturbance. Contrary to expectations, higher goal reengagement increased the association between physical impairment and goal interference.

Conclusion: Although goal reengagement is associated with better mental well-being in persons with MS, it might also strengthen the perceived effect of physical impairment on goal interference.

Keywords:

• Goal adjustment
• self-regulation
• wellbeing
• multiple sclerosis
• chronic illness

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Annelies De Waegeneer for her help with the recruitment of patients, and Dorien Coigneau, Florence Reekmans, Elien Van Autreve, Delphine Van Holderbeke, Lien Van Lancker, Eva Vaneeckhout, and Charlotte Vanovenberghe for their assistance with collecting and processing the data.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.