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ABSTRACT
The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared by chemical reduction with sodium hypophosphite as a reducing agent and sodium hexametaphosphate as a stabilising agent were highly cytotoxic against human cells (U-937 and HL-60). The aim of the study was to determine the impact of selected antioxidants: ascorbic acid (AA), gallic acid (GA), scavenger (trolox (TX)) and Ag+ chelator (N-acetylcysteine, NAC) on viability, modulation of inflammatory response and apoptosis index of cells treated by AgNPs. Selected protectants added individually or together affects the viability of cells treated by AgNPs (1 mg/L). The mixtures assuring the most efficient defense against AgNPs were: AgNPs + TX + AA, AgNPs + GA + AA, AgNPs + TX + GA + AA and AgNPs + TX + GA + AA + NAC which synergistically interact in the mixture. The greatest reduction in IL-6 and TNF-α levels was found for the mixture containing AgNPs + TX + GA + AA. Mixture of this composition exhibited also the strongest anti-apoptotic effect. Highly cytotoxic AgNPs may not damage human cells if cytoprotectants are present.
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW) under Iuventus Plus No. IP 2015055974 project. The silver nanoparticles were prepared by, PhD, Magdalena Oćwieja in the Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences. The FAAS measurements were conducted by, PhD, Stanislaw Walas at the Jagiellonian University using the equipment purchased, thanks to the financial support of the European Regional Development Fund in the framework of the Polish Innovation Economy Operational Program (contract no. POIG.02.01.00-12-023/0).
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.